Baby Boomers Essay Research Paper Our children free essay sample

Baby Boomers Essay, Research Paper Our kids are our hereafter ; our seniors are our foundation ( Wissel L. 2000 ) . Fifty five million Americans are age 50 five and older, harmonizing to the United States Census Bureau, of that figure, 30 five million are age 60 five and older. By the twelvemonth 2030, the 60 five and older population will duplicate to seventy million, and the fastest turning section of the older population is age 80 five and older. The babe boomer coevals will shortly make the retirement age, and expected to redefine old age. Merely as they have redefine every phase of their lives because boomers will be the largest coevals of aged, they will impact everything from lodging to wellness attention as the market and society caters to their wealth, length of service, and involvement in new engineering ( Dytchweld K. 1999 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Baby Boomers Essay Research Paper Our children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The babe boomer coevalss besides the first to hold the luxury to analyze personal issues and raise inquiries refering work, wellness attention, engineering, political relations, and societal and moral issues ( USA Today Magazine, November 19, 1999 ) . No other coevals reflects the complex universe we live in today. The babe boomers have left their unerasable grade on America # 8217 ; s societal landscape. The babe boomers created pop civilization and a new signifier of political activism ( Breaux J. November 1999 ) . Education, medical progresss, and engineering afforded more freedom and independency. Soon America will look different ; the mean age of the population will travel up to 55. The babe boomers will hold the benefits and face the challenges of length of service. Can America afford the societal, medical, and political issues the aging babe boomers demand? Will our transit system guarantee more old drivers have safe options? How will our national lodging policy adapt to the senior roar? How about the pension and fiscal programs that allow older Americans to travel in and out of retirement ( Breaux, J. November 1999 ) . The size and distinguishable characters of the babe boomers will non merely make a sense of urgency to c urrent issues, but besides create a whole new set of aging issues. Among the many cultural parts of the babe boomers along with the free love, the drug scenes and Grateful Dead ties, was the construct of coevals spread ( Veith G. ) . In every other civilization and throughout history, kids were socialized to be grownups. When kids grew up they took their parents topographic points, functions and their values. There was no separate subculture, no music and manner to put off the younger coevals from their parents. Children were dressed, for the most portion, like small grownups, but in the mid 20th century, American civilization became stratified along generational lines ( Veith G. ) . The coevals prior to the babe boomers, after World War II, had excess ordinary prosperity and better populating through engineering, may hold spoiled their kids a small. The babe boomer coevals neer concentrated on larning their parent # 8217 ; s accomplishments and subjects, but worked hard on entertaining themselves. This procedure was helped along with non merely te lecasting, but possibly even more significantly wirelesss and record participants, which made possible the mass production and countrywide distribution of music ( Veith G. ) The babe roar coevals has ever been in the limelight reshaping every American establishment. As kids, the public school systems were reinvented to run into their demands. As immature grownups, music and pop civilization was drastically changed by their engagement. As they move towards old age, they will besides redefine and revolutionise the American ripening experience. Baby boomers have reaped the benefits of alteration. They grew up with more instruction and high outlooks, engineering and medical research have blossomed throughout their lives and they have come to anticipate lifestyle betterments in every bend. With their political clout, they will anticipate the authorities, corporate America, the research community and the wellness attention sector to run into their turning demands. Government policies should promote private sector investings in merchandises and services to assist the demands of the aging babe boomers and reflect the diverseness in life style, race and income of the hereafter senior citizens. For the last few decennaries the influential babe boomer section of the population dominated the American civilization virtually in any facet. Television scheduling may non specifically aim babe boomers, but since babe boomers fit into the premier 18 to forty nine twelvemonth old or 20 five to fifty four twelvemonth old demographics that are preferred by most advertizers, the babe boomers are, by default, the biggest portion of many web audiences ( Walther C. 1998 ) . Because the babe boomers capture the king of beasts # 8217 ; s portion of attending from coders and advertizers, programming might alter to pull the demographics. We are now seeing a alteration on today # 8217 ; s overseas telegram scheduling, we now see more overseas telegram web Stationss that cater to go, such as the Travel Network, educational plans like the one # 8217 ; s shown in the Discovery Channel, engineering and information systems like Tech TV and many more. The biggest web that is hiking high following from babe boomers is the Home and Garden Television ( HGTV ) , which profiles people who have undertaken midlife calling or lifestyle alterations ; and holiday life, a plan aiming the more flush and older babe boomer section sing drawn-out holidaies ( Walther C. 1998 ) . Networks will besides utilize on air endowments with # 8220 ; a small grey hair # 8221 ; , utilize older music that is familiar to the boomers, or seek to make or change plans for boomers to fir their life style ( Walther C. 1998 ) . Music pictures are even altering presents, Music Television ( MTV ) still caters to younger viewing audiences, but Video hits One ( VH1 ) has change their focal point. Rather than concentrate on a general audience, they are specifically aiming babe boomers with their shows. They are having creative persons that the babe boomers listened to while turning up. Artists like the Beatles and the Beach Boys merely to call a few. The supermarket of the hereafter will be redesigned ; they will transport more assortments of nutrients and merchandises that will be geared towards the demands of the babe boomer section. Prepared take-out nutrient, more organic fruits and veggies, specially prepared and raised meat merchandises are some of the assortments that we can anticipate to be a chief basic on future food market shop. Servicess such as banking and wash services will besides be provided to consumers to maximise the consumer # 8217 ; s shopping experience. The babe boomers will act upon how our nutrient will be manufactured, the concern on wellness and moral values will coerce the nutrient makers to reshape the manner they prepare and select their ingredients ( Saccomano A. 1999 ) . They have to offer nutrients that will profit wellness or fortified merchandises that contain vitamins and foods. Since the boomers will be the taking border of outlook and penchant, with their demands on quality and convenience, will besides profit all consumers, immature and old. One impact that the boomers might hold on the following coevals is household values. Because the boomers have singularly devoted to their personal demands and wants one effect on that attitude of egoism is the high divorce rate of babe boomers ( Monaldo, F. 2000 ) . The high divorce rates of the babe boomer coevals have deprived their kids parental counsel and love. Unfortunately payback possibly looming. A new survey led by Lilliana Pezzin, a Professor of medical specialty at John Hopkins University, documented what common sense would hold predicted. Children learn from their parents, even the unintended 1s ( Monaldo F.2000 ) . The kids of divorced parents offer far less attention for their ripening parents than other kids whose parents stayed together ; they besides receive far less fiscal aid from their kids. A big figure of babe boomers may happen themselves in a alone old age cared for by establishments and uncomforted familial ties. The coevals that thought largely of themselve s may happen themselves populating on their ain with out any household support ( Monaldo F. 2000 ) American # 8217 ; s longer life span mean that many will go on to put, and they will be passing more money during their retirement old ages. From age 65 to seventy five, they will be passing every bit much money as usual ( Fahey M. 2001 ) . From age 75 to eighty five to eighty five they will be decelerating down and may desire to get down assisting their kids and grandchildren. After age 85 they will be passing more of their money for medicative intents. Investing securities firms, banking establishment and fiscal services will profit from the extract of nest eggs and fiscal planning that they will be involved in. The turning Numberss of babe boomers with medical state of affairss are on the rise. In the article, A Baby Boomer Boom ( Kirchheimer, B. 2001 ) Trent Healthcare Corporation ( A For Profit Hospital ) , during the six month period which ended November 30, 2000, say that volume at the infirmary rose 12 per centum for people aged fifty one to sixty old ages old. They expect that the use of the infirmaries by the aged will increase in even greater Numberss in the old ages to come. With this cognition they plan to concentrate on handling the types of medical jobs they are most likely to see: cardiology, gynaecology, orthopaedicss, oncology and neurology. Other Fieldss of health care will be in optometry and audiometry. As people grow older, eyesight and hearing are normally the two senses that will deteriorate before the organic structure gives manner. Pharmaceuticals, and drug shop ironss will be affected greatly by the outgrowth of the babe boomer into the retirement age. The young person obsessed babe boomers will desire to keep a vernal visual aspect, long life rhythms of anti-aging picks, hair colour interventions, nutritionary addendums, and a host of future merchandises that can assure to do people look and experience younger. Retirement communities will be turning enormously, for those who are physically and mentally independent. There are more people now that are into physical fittingness these yearss, as a consequence future seniors will be more healthy and capable on caring and supplying for themselves. They will hold future demands for recreational activities, so concerns that cater to different types of physical activities and leisure for the ripening will make really good. There is a downside to this. After age sixty-six, the likeliness of a individual developing Alzheimer’s Disease doubles about every five old ages ( Dytchwald, K. Dec. 18. 2000 ) . Unless a remedy is found in our life-time, it is estimated that the disease will strike 14 million babe boomers by the center of this century, up from four million today. Dytchwald besides notes that the continuance of the disease, which presently averages 8th to ten old ages before decease will go on to be prolonged to fifteen to twenty more old ages or more. One of the first support groups concerns will be interested in are the kids of the retiring people. Most retired persons will non desire to or can non afford to populate in a retirement place, particularly with the addition of aged maltreatment in retirement places that are ever featured on the intelligence media. The kids of retired persons will non desire to put their loved 1s in such installations, therefore concerns should look for ways to assist or alter the state of affairss to do the kids of the aging population to experience more at easiness on puting their loved 1s in retirement installations. In place attention for those who are handicapped and populating with their loved 1s, will be something that the household will necessitate so that their normal life activities, will non be affected with the load of an incapable aged remaining in their place. The demand for more nurses and physicians for in-home and hospital attention will be greatly in demand, for there will be many more people in the hereafter because of the inflow of the aging boomers, that will necessitate specializers to care for them. There will besides be demands for more wellness attention installations such as nursing places, infirmaries and retirement places for those who are ill and do non hold the support of their households to care for them. Healthcare insurance is another concern that will gain greatly as the boomers enter the retirement phase of their lives. There will be a great demand for medical specialties, most, of which will far transcend the income of the aged. Peoples will be looking for the best and cheapest manner of make fulling prescriptions, doing them shop smarter for insurance bearers doing these companies to vie and give better aid to the consumers. Private transit companies are another concern section that will be positively influenced by the demand of the aged for mobility. We have seen recent studies on Television on the jobs of the aged drive and commanding their vehicles. At a certain age people lose their ability to run motor vehicles, and people are still diffident of public transit particularly topographic points like Southern California where people are dependent on driving around by themselves. Once driver # 8217 ; s licence are taken off from the aged do non intend that they will lock themselves up into isolation. There will be a great demand for alternate transit for the one # 8217 ; s that need mobility and do non desire to be dependent on other people to acquire them to topographic points that they need to travel, like medical installations, recreational installations and food market shops. Homosexuals and sapphic babe boomers are another group that specialized concerns will provide to. The demand for lodging communities, societal organisation installations and tonss more will be lifting because the homosexual and sapphic communities will mean to contrive their ain manner of retirement, one that celebrates being portion of a like-minded community ( Rosenberg, D. Jan. 15, 2001 ) One alteration that the babe boomer population has changed is the manner they do and cover with political relations. The babe boomers will be really influential in the political sphere, alterations that they have demanded are more directed to jobs of the population as a whole. The babe boomers have brought together all races to the bargaining tabular array. Recognizing the past coevals # 8217 ; s misdirection and damaging incompetency, the babe boomers are now exerting their ain opinion to repair the thought and past patterns of the pervious coevals in political relations. Baby boomers no longer believe in follow the leader, they will oppugn whatever they think is incorrect or they will necessitate accounts and justifications on issues that will impact them. The boomer coevals has enacted Torahs sing favoritism in the work force, child care and safety Torahs, environmental issues, merely to advert a few. Baby boomers know that in order to hold a strong and united state, we must larn to alter our thought, attitudes and behaviour on diverseness. This attitude of the babe boomers will be an illustration for the coevalss to come, who in bend can do any type of bias a thing of the yesteryear. To truly demo the attitudes and places of the babe boomer coevals, an article from the Suburban Baby boomers Take on City Hall from Macomb Township to Westland ( Detroit News Oct. 10, 2000 ) showed their activism in political relations. They are voicing out their sentiments and experiencing to the metropolis hall politicians about their discontent on the manner things are enacted on their metropolis. The article besides claims that the babe boomers have been awakened and are despairing for alteration on issues like environment and authorities, it says that the babe boomers are now in the driver # 8217 ; s place and they will do alterations harmonizing to their demands. ( Celente G. ) . Baby boomers are taking control of their lives. They will be altering political relations for the good of everyone else. Changes in universe trade, globalisation, societal security, Medicare and human rights will be enacted as they take control of the vote bulk. The babe boomer coevals is acquiring old and wiser, alterations in policies toward wellness attention and other needed reforms will be expected to conform to their retirement demands. They grew up independent and would wish to remain that manner and non depend on the following coevals for their retirement demands. To lucubrate more on the topic of wellness attention concerns of the babe boomers, an article written by Amy Turnbull, ( Morning Star November 15, 1999 ) Quoted Mr. Patrick Brady, who is the executive manager of Citizens for Long Term Care ( CLTR ) , a non partizan Washington D.C. based non-profit-making organisation that wants to raise consciousness of jobs in the long term attention system. He talked about jobs that can be exacerbated as babe boomers age. Mr. Brady told occupants and others at the Manorhouse that in 30 one old ages, more than twenty per centum of the population will be 60 five or older and the cost of long term attention will be astronomical. By 2030, unless important alterations are made in America # 8217 ; s entitlement plans, societal security disbursement, Medicare and federal civilian and military pensions, disbursement will transcend the authorities # 8217 ; s grosss. In decision, The babe boomer coevals will be the largest retiring population that our society will see. They will impact determinations that in bend will be the footing on how society will populate in the close hereafter. Because of their political clout and voting power the babe boomers will fundamentally make up ones mind the hereafter of the state, how society will see beliefs, how Torahs will be enacted and make more Torahs that will be made for the demands of the retiring babe boomers. Because of their wealth and length of service, many concerns will provide to their demands, alterations on nutrient fabrication will be affected for the better, and we will see more alimentary nutrient and many more installations offering convenience. The medical Fieldss will be impacted the most by the retiring babe boomers, the demand for more installations, better services and attention, and effectual prescription drugs will be in high demand in the close hereafter. Future callings of people wi ll besides be impacted by their retirement ; people will acquire occupations that are related to straight or indirectly to the demands of the retiring babe boomers. Research and engineering will besides profit from their retirement ; their usual demands for better things will foretell what new ways people will be making or doing in the close hereafter. Everyone should be made cognizant of the effects of the retiring babe boomers. There will be tonss of technological progresss and exciting alterations that will go on, but there are besides issues that the state as a whole should get down thought and happening ways to work out right now, issues like societal security benefits, Medicare, aging society issues, medical attention and many more. Confronting issues at an early phase will non merely profit the retiring population, but the state as a whole. The close hereafter can be an exciting topographic point to be the benefits that the aging babe boomers will demand can besides do everyo ne # 8217 ; s life better. They will impact all facets of life ; political relations, concerns and societal life will alter to conform to the aging babe boomers # 8217 ; demands. So acquire ready, The babe boomers are coming. Mentions Walther, C. October 12, 1998. Cable News Network Play to Baby Boomers. Multi Channel News Lucas, F. July 17, 1999. Food Market of Future Affluent Boomer # 8217 ; s Influence Grows. Washington Times, Business Section Monaldo, F. March 21, 2000. What Goes About Comes Around. [ Online ] Available. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.suite101.com/aricle.cfm/392/35287 Breaux, J. November 9, 1999. The Baby Boomers Are Coming. [ Online ] Available. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.senate.gov/breaux/columns/991108a.html Dytchwald, K. September18-5, 1999. How the twenty-first Century will be Ruled by the New Old. Chicago, Putnam Thatcher. USA Today Magazine. November 1999. Aging Baby Boomers May Help Decelerate Down Society. [ Online ] Available. hypertext transfer protocol: //findarticles.com/cf_0/m1272/2654/jhtml Fahey, M. January 29, 2001. ( Almost ) Ready to Retire. Insight on the intelligence ; Washington Kirchheimer, B. January 15, 2001. A Baby Boomer Boom. Modern Healthcare ; Chicago Griffin, M. December 18, 2000. Gear Up for the Coming Aging Wave. Drug Store News ; New York Rosenberg, D. January 15, 2001. A Topographic point of Their ain. Newsweek Magazine ; New York Hoagland J. November 5, 2000. Baby Boomers Politics. The Washington Post ; Washington D.C. Kurth, J. October 10, 2000. Suburban Baby boomers Take on the City Hall From Macomb Township to Westland. They are acquiring into political relations. Detroit News. Detroit, Michigan. Saccomano A. October 18, 1999. Finical Eaters. [ Online ] Available. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.findarticles.com/cf/_0m0voo/3/article.jhtml Turnbull, A. November 15, 1999. Tar Heel Politics. Morning Star News. Wilmington, NC

Analysis Of The Holocaust Essays - Nazi Germany, Anti-communism

Analysis Of The Holocaust Essays - Nazi Germany, Anti-communism Analysis of the Holocaust Of all the examples of injustice against humanity in history, the Jewish Holocaust has to be one of the most prominent. In the period of 1933 to 1945, the Nazis waged a vicious war against Jews and other "lesser races". This war came to a head with the "Final Solution" in 1938. One of the end results of the Final Solution was the horrible concentration and death camps of Germany, Poland, and other parts of Nazi-controlled Europe. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, people around the world were shocked by final tallies of human losses, and the people responsible were punished for their inhuman acts. The Holocaust was a dark time in the history of the 20th century. One can trace the beginnings of the Holocaust as far back as 1933, when the Nazi party of Germany, lead by Adolf Hitler, came to power. Hitler's anti-Jew campaign began soon afterward, with the "Nuremberg Laws", which defined the meaning of being Jewish based on ancestry. These laws also forced segregation between Jews and the rest of the public. It was only a dim indication of what the future held for European Jews. Anti-Jewish aggression continued for years after the passing of the Nuremberg Laws. One of these was the "Aryanization" of Jewish property and business. Jews were progressively forced out of the economy of Germany, their assets turned over to the government and the German public. Other forms of degradation were pogroms, or organized demonstrations against Jews. The first, and most infamous, of these pogroms was Krystallnacht, or "The night of broken glass". This pogrom was prompted by the assassination of Ernst von Rath, a German diplomat, by Herschel Grymozpan in Paris on November 7th, 1938. Two days later, an act of retaliation was organized by Joseph Gobbels to attack Jews in Germany. On the nights of November 9th and 10th, over 7,000 Jewish businesses were destroyed, 175 synagogues demolished, nearly 100 Jews had been killed, and thousands more had been injured, all for the assassination of one official by a Jew ("Holocaust, the." Microsoft Encarta 96). In many ways, this was the first major act of violence to Jews made by the Nazis. Their intentions were now clear. The Nazi's plans for the Jews of Europe were outlined in the "Final Solution to the Jewish question" in 1938. In a meeting of some of Hitler's top officials, the idea of the complete annihilation of Jews in Europe was hatched. By the time the meeting was over, the Final Solution had been created. The plans included in the Final Solution included the deportation, exploitation, and eventual extermination of European Jews. In September 1939, Germany invaded western Poland. Most, if not all Jews in German-occupied lands were rounded up and taken to ghettos or concentration camps. The ghettos were located inside cities, and were a sort of city/prison to segregate Jews from the rest of the public. Conditions in the ghettos included overcrowding, lack of food, and lack of sanitation, as well as brutality by Nazi guards. Quality of life in a ghetto was probably not much above that in a concentration camp. In June 1941, Germany continued it's invasion of Europe by attacking and capturing some of the western U.S.S.R. By this time, most of the Jews in Europe now lived in lands controlled by Nazi Germany. The SS deployed 3000 death squads, or "Einstagruppen", to dispatch Jews in large numbers ("Holocaust, the." Microsoft Encarta 1996). In September 1941, all Jews were forced to wear yellow Stars of David on their arms or coats. A Jew could be killed with little repercussions for not displaying the Star of David in public. Some of the first Jewish resiezce to the Final Solution came in 1943, when the process of deportation to concentration and death camps was in full swing. The Warsaw ghetto in Poland, once numbering over 365,000, had been reduced to only 65,000 by the continuing removal of Jews to camps in other lands ("Holocaust, the." Microsoft Encarta 1996). When the Nazis came to round up the remaining inhabitants of the ghetto, they were met with resiezce from the small force of armed Jews. The revolt lasted for almost three weeks

The Gulf War from the American perspective Essay

The Gulf War from the American perspective - Essay Example In any case, once thing is clear; the publicly stated reasons of Iraq war were not digestible to many people. This paper analyses Gulf War from American perspectives. George Bush thought that Gulf War may help him to win the presidential election once again. He thought that this war might help him and his party (Republicans) to increase the popularity and hence he may get an easy walkover in the coming presidential election. However, Bill Clinton proved that such beliefs were wrong. â€Å"Clinton successfully made the economy the issue in the next election and managed to win it†1. â€Å"For years Saddam received US support while committing atrocities. His was not the only government committing atrocities. His atrocities were never publicly discussed until he invaded Kuwait†2. The invasion of Kuwait brought Saddam Hussein into the public lime light. It was difficult for America to justify Saddam further. It should be noted that democracy is prevailing in America and Amer ica believes themselves as the saviour of human rights. Under such circumstances, it was impossible for America to stay blind while Iraq was questioning the sovereignty of an independent country. Moreover, many Americans thought that Saddam is trying to become another Hitler. Increased influence of Saddam in the Middle East was not good for the American interests. â€Å"Saddam was repeatedly compared to Hitler. Then he was publicly defied and demeaned. The president said he has "had it" with "Sad'm" Hussein. Under U. S. leadership, the world was mobilized against him†3. America suspected the possibility of another world war unless they prevent Saddam from conquering neighbouring countries. It should be noted that the military power of other gulf countries were negligible in front of Iraq’s military power at that time. In short, many people believe that America attacked Iraq to save the world from the possibility of another world war. Another argument claims that Americ a attacked Iraq to control the oil resources. However, this argument seems to be far from reality since America’s oil imports from Iraq account only 5% of the total energy needs in America. There are plenty of other countries in this world which rely heavily on Iraqi oil resources for their energy needs. â€Å"So oil is not the whole answer. Other possible aspects of the answer include "a new world order," collective security, interdependence, prevention of regional hegemony, and reversal of American decline†4. Even though Iraqi oil does not cause much direct problems to America, it has the potential to cause indirect economic problems in America. If Saddam Hussein had raised oil prices to $27 a barrel, the increase in our import bill would have been about $20 billion a year, or less than one half of one percent of GNP. The greater harm comes when sudden rises depress the economy, but this effect is harder to estimate. Some economists believe that a temporary oil price of $40 a barrel, for example, helped to trigger the recession, which represented a loss of several percent of GNP5. â€Å"U.S. policy toward the Middle East is characterized by an intention to ultimately control the oil there, and keep other powers--not just the Soviet Union, but also Britain and France--away, if not dependent on the United States6. It is a fact that oil resources in America are rapidly exhausting even though the demand for oil increases. The oil needs or the energy

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Case analysis - Essay Example Thus, Yurukova has a responsibility to come up with a brilliant strategy that can be implemented in order to improve the fundraising process. At the moment, Trinity University mainly relied on using telefundraising channels. This is a marketing approach that uses telephone to reach different people in different parts of the country. The targeted people are mainly graduates from Trinity University. Mariya is contemplating segmenting the targeted donors by using different strategies in order to make generate as much money as possible. One of the segmentation methods is to target the people by either alumni or by graduation year. The other strategy used to segment the targeted people is by using their faculties. It has also been envisaged that the targeted people can also be segmented on the basis of extracurricular activity as well as Trinity University involvement. The other marketing strategy used is direct marketing and this involves face to face interaction with the targeted people. The marketing mix approach (price, place, product and promotion) of the university involves different strategies. The price for conducting clients using direct mail is pegged at $0.88 while the price of doing the same using telefundraising is estimated to be $5.60. The product involves donations made by the targeted people to the university. The place for this activity is centralised since it is coordinated from the institution while targeting people from different places across the country. As part of its promotion strategy, the university is also contemplating to use direct mailing strategy where direct mails are sent to the people found in the institution’s database. The other promotion strategies include online giving and telefundraising. The real issue is finding and training quality telefundraisers. At the moment, the university is relying on a single individual alone. This initiative requires the the efforts of many

Creative Marketing and Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Creative Marketing and Critical Thinking - Essay Example Combination of all these elements will give the best results in marketing processes. Wireless advertising offers potential to target markets; creativity stimulates creating new ideas and ideologies; broadband technologies allow marketing experts to deliver large amounts of data and make this process even faster and simpler. Due to creative thinking wireless advertising gives the opportunity to implement online newsletters, virtual storefronts, interactive brochures, and web(Frame 2003). Marketing process is sometimes called as "getting stuck". People need fresh and effective marketing ideas in order to promote new products and services. But very often person's mind is failing back to old ideas. People are tired of them, because they want and need new marketing approach that will be exciting and full of surprise, vividness and life. (Nunley 2004) And marketing expert resort to the help of critical thinking and creativity in order to give people what they want and really need(Smith 2004). For example, if to ask people to determine the main driving force of advertising, they will most likely tell that it is creativity. Creativity is very important, but it is one of the three legs upon which successful marketing is standing. The four legs are: If to ask the same peo... Creativity is very important, but it is one of the three legs upon which successful marketing is standing. The four legs are: Message Medium Creativity(Hercky 2005) If to ask the same people to define creativity, they will most likely tell that it is something "of which they themselves would not have thought". It is a matter of fact that creativity and creative thinking are the vital components of marketing strategy and planning. They help expert to develop new approaches to attract new customers and to retain the power on the old ones. Marketing has to be creative in its thinking and deliver whether in creating unique promotional plan, finding technical solution to existing problem, designing new web site or devising a differentiating channel distribution model. Hercky (2005) admitted that every marketing expert can be creative if the environment is right and favorable. Marketing has to build on such environment where marketing creativity and creative thinking will flourish, "manage that creativity, and still deliver on budget and on time". Creative thinking helps marketing experts to understand how different people work, how to have creative fun during working process and how to make everybody perform at their creative peak. It is important to deliver a real boom to the organization or company(Hercky 2005). There is a question: are creativity and creative thinking innate talents reserved only for selected ones or they can be learned like, for example, riding a monocycle or juggling But before answering this question it is necessary to define creativity in marketing and advertising. Creativity in marketing differs significantly from creativity in arts. Hercky (2005) defines creativity in marketing as "the melding

The Maintainability of the Current Financial Market

The Maintainability of the Current Financial Market Introduction To argue that we are not currently in the midst of a global financial crisis is simply on maintainable, given the saturation that the issue has had in the mainstream media. There is no secret that there is a global liquidity shortage in the financial sector, mortgage assets declining in value and subsequently limiting the ability of financial institutions service their lending and interest payment requirements to investors. As a result many governments have taken proactive measures to increase liquidity in the financial sector and stave off inflation and other negative factors. It is the purpose of this paper to critically analyse the current financial crisis, in conjunction with the sub-prime mortgage issue which rose to prominence in late 2007. In light of the current economic climate this paper will discuss whether implementing a financial safety net will serve to address the pressures that are being placed on financial institutions in terms of their liquid assets and overall econ omic viability. It will also present the main ingredients of a sound financial safety net, and it is important to note that all of these factors must generally be present in order for a financial safety net to function effectively in correcting the economic imbalance which the global economy is currently experiencing. The Current Financial Climate The financial situation at present around the world is not one of economic prosperity and stability. In the last 12 months the world has had to resist the financial crisis of 2007-2008 sparked by the pressures placed on financial institutions as a result of the sub-prime mortgage crisis. Most recently, beginning in September 2008, is a global financial and liquidity crisis which has led to a number of American and European banks collapsing due to insufficient liquid assets to service its obligations to its customers. Essentially the most recent crisis began with the United States government takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which were to government-sponsored enterprises servicing the United States home loan industry. This, among other factors, consequently sparked a rapid decline in the value of global stock market indexes and currency indicators, such as the Dow Jones (United States), FTSE 500 (United Kingdom) and the ASX 200 (Australia) to name a few. This saw a rapid decline in the value of assets held by mortgage related entities, leaving them with significantly less equity and liquidity to service their lending and interest payment obligations. Response to the crisis the central banks of many countries took measures to inject capital into the cash flow of the financial services industry. For example, the reserve bank of Australia injected AU$1.5 billion (approximately 3 times more than the estimated need), Indias Reserve Bank pumped in approximately US$1.32 billion and the Reserve Bank of China provided a stimulus package of approximately 4 trillion yuan (US$585 billion).[1] In the United States the Emergency Economic Stabilisation Act of 2008 was passed by Congress and gave the Bush administration the authority to purchase up to US$700 billion of unserviceable mortgage assets in an attempt to maximise liquidity.[2] In the United Kingdom, on 8 October 2008, UK government announced a  £500 billion rescue package. All these measures were in an attempt to increase liquidity in the financial services industry, and were often accompanied by reductions in the national cash interest rates as determined by the central banks. In light of the fragility of the current global economic situation, is important to consider the effect of the financial services industry safety net as a mechanism of consumer protection. As this paper will uncover in forthcoming chapters, the safety net often comprises a number of key elements in order to maximise its scope of application and effect. A number of jurisdictions have sought to implement deposit guarantees and similar protection schemes, and the effectiveness and risks associated with these schemes will be discussed more thoroughly in due course. However it is important to note in passing that the current economic crisis plays a significant role in the ability of a financial safety net to function effectively, due to the extraneous pressures which are placed on the economic system as a result of a shortage of liquidity in the global financial industry. This affects every global financial institution from major banks right down to small time debenture businesses. An Overview of the Financial Sector Safety Net It is difficult to confine the financial sector safety net into one concise and succinct definition. Rather one must consider the safety net in light of its many factors. As the World Bank itself points out, are significant difficulties experienced with implementing a safety net, which are appropriately defined in the following passage: Bank safety nets are difficult to design and administer, because they have the conflicting objectives of protecting bank customers and reducing banks incentives to engage in risky activities. In several countries including the U.S., the financial safety net, structured to reduce the vulnerability of the financial system, appears to have had quite the opposite result. Indeed, Kane (1989) identifies the U.S. financial safety net, and notably fixed-rate deposit insurance and belated bank closures, as the single most important factor in explaining the catastrophic Savings and Loan crisis of the 1980s. Similarly, Demirguc-Kunt and Detragiache (1998) find international evidence that the existence of an explicit deposit insurance scheme has contributed to banking system fragility. To restrain bank risk taking, financial safety nets generally rely on two mechanisms: (i) market discipline, and (ii) bank regulation. Bank creditors can exert market discipline by withdrawing their funds, or demanding higher interest rates from riskier banks. In case of publicly traded banks, equity holders can also effect discipline.[3] The above passage demonstrates that safety nets are not effective on their own; rather they require cooperation between all the different classes of parties involved in the financial industry in order to maintain a healthy financial market. However implementing a safety net is not without its risks and, as the above passage indicates, sometimes the mechanisms employed by a safety net programme of them contribute to the fragility of the financial system is not implemented properly and in consideration of the context in which they are to apply. In light of the above this brief has presented a basic overview of the rationale of the safety net in the financial industry and the aims it sets out to achieve. This brief will now go on to explore the fundamental elements of a safety net system, as it is important to consider the effect of each of these individual mechanisms in appropriate detail in order to draw an appropriate conclusion as to whether or not consideration should be given to a safety net scheme to be implemented in a broad manner across global jurisdictions in light of the current financial crisis. Elements of the Safety Net Frameworks for Liquidity Support For most banks and financial institutions the need to maintain a certain amount of rigid liquidity to service lending and interest payment obligations is essential to ensure the long-term viability of the institution, and also to ensure that the bank or institution can continue providing a service to its customers and therefore generate further revenue. Most of these institutions have certain cash reserves available to meet these obligations in the event that the institution becomes temporarily illiquid, however it is important to consider the strength of these measures given the current economic climate and also whether other measures exist in the event that the liquidity reserves of the institution are unable to service its obligations to its customers. Therefore it is important to distinguish between the liquidity reserves which are available to financial institutions during normal operating times and those which are to be relied upon in a time of crisis, and there is a need for a financial institution to consider the efficiency of both of these measures. A common form of day today liquidity reserves banks rely upon is the lender of last resort (LOLR) function, where central banks in most developed jurisdictions around the world have the authority to provide credit support in the event of a bank becoming temporarily illiquid, however still remaining solvent.[4] LOLR actions do not guarantee against banks from failing, but rather serve to protect liquidity shortages in flowing from one bank to another. As the World Bank puts it: This kind of support can provide an important buffer against temporary disturbances in financial markets. LOLR actions may help to prevent liquidity shortage in one bank from being transmitted to other financial institutions, for example, through the payment system. LOLR actions are not intended to prevent bank failures but, rather, to prevent spillovers associated with liquidity shortages particularly in money and interbank markets from interrupting the normal intermediation function of financial institutions and markets.[5] Therefore the purpose of LOLR is to ensure the overall integrity of the financial market, through containing any liquidity shortages to one bank and attempting to prevent it from reaching other institutions. In a time of crisis a financial institution may need to seek liquidity resources from the central bank over and above those that would normally be available to them for day-to-day activities. These emergency lending procedures need to be considered in the strongest possible manner, and the International Monetary Fund has outlined a number of guidelines which should be taken into account in this regard: resources should be made available only to banks that are considered solvent but are coping with liquidity problems that might endanger the entire system (e.g. ‘too big to fail’ cases); lending should take place speedily; lending should be short-term; even then, it should be provided conservatively because of the situation of the bank might deteriorate quickly; lending should not take place at subsidised rates, but the rate should also not be penal because it might then deteriorate the banks position; the loan should be fully collateralised, and collateral should be valued conservatively. However, at times of severe crisis, it might be necessary for the central bank to relax this criterion or to organise a government guarantees or to arrange government credit, even if the loan is executed from the central banks balance sheet; Central bank supervisory authorities and the Ministry of Finance should be in close contact and should monitor the situation of the bank; supervisory sanctions or remedial actions should be attached to the emergency lending.[6] Therefore it is important to the above factors in emergency lending in order to ensure that the overall integrity of the financial system is not placed under threat through a central bank advancing credit to an illiquid financial institution. Deposit Insurance or Guarantees It is one of the simple principles of banking that, in order for a financial institution to profit from lending products, it must have the liquidity resources to advance to the borrowers. These generally come from term deposits, everyday accounts and other consumer-based banking products, not to mention larger institutional banking deposits. In order for these customers to be able to bank with confidence with a particular institution, it may be necessary for the government to introduce a type of deposit insurance which serves to protect the deposits of customers in the event of a failed investment by the bank. It could be argued that by having all deposits protected by a deposit insurance scheme, a financial institution is effectively promoting excessive risk-taking given that the particular customer may feel they have nothing to lose and all to gain by allowing the customer to gamble with what is essentially free money. Therefore it is important to consider whether large deposits sh ould be protected by such a scheme as, in the event of a payout being required, the deposit insurance scheme may be unable to meet its obligations in a timely and efficient manner, which is said to be a key requirement in order for such a scheme to function effectively.[7] A fine balance therefore needs to be struck between protecting the interests of customers while also ensuring that the deposit insurance scheme is in a position to meet its obligations in the event that it is called upon, and it would therefore need to be well funded. Investor and/or Policyholder Protection Schemes Another key element of an appropriate financial sector safety net is the need for customers who engage in investing through that institution to be afforded some sort of insurance protection, which would otherwise be unavailable under a deposit protection scheme. These schemes would be limited in their application, as they would generally exclude losses arising from a customers poor investment decision-making in the like unless a causal link can be established between the decision and advice obtained from the financial institution in question. The World Bank and International Monetary Fund fully describe the function of such a scheme: Investor compensation schemes generally cover customer accounts in which a range of investment activities defined in the respective licensing laws and broader regulatory regimes take place. Compensation schemes generally do not cover losses on the part of the investor as a result of poor investment advice or management by member firms, although in some schemes, compensation may be available where a causal relationship is established between the poor investment advice or management and the inability of the firm to meet claims by clients. In most jurisdictions, the compensation scheme is statutory in nature†¦[8] therefore a member institution cannot simply wash its hands purveying financial loss sustained by a customer who invest through the institution, unless it can be proven that the poor decision made by the investor was not induced (either whole or in part) by the institution itself. An investor should be afforded some protection in relation to investment, but should still be in a position to accept liability should they not heed appropriate financial advice. Crisis Management The final appropriate element of an effective financial sector safety net is the building of both an institution and the responsible government to manage a crisis if and when it occurs. For example, high-profile policy committees and consultants should be in place to establish the framework mentioned in the preceding three chapters of this paper, and to ensure that it is implemented in such a way that is effective in that institutions particular context. Financial institutions also need to ensure they have the appropriate resources, both financial and in personnel, to address is particularly important area of policy especially given the current financial climate and the strange places on banks to provide some form of protection to its customers while also attempting to remain prosperous and loyal to its shareholders. The International Experience The financial sector safety net has been met with mixed reviews in various jurisdictions around the world in response to the current economic crisis. This is due to the fact that central banks and governments have encountered a number of problems when seeking to implement features of the financial sector safety net. For example the United States, given the current Wall Street crisis, and sought to implement a safety net measure, however Reserve Bank Chairman Alan Greenspan has stated: The safety net, along with our improved understanding of how to use monetary and fiscal policies, has played a critical role in this country in eliminating bank runs, in assuaging financial crises, and arguably in reducing the number and amplitude of economic contractions in the past sixty years. Deposit insurance, the discount window, and access to Fedwire and daylight overdrafts provide depository institutions and financial market participants with safety, liquidity, and solvency unheard of in previous years. These benefits, however, have come with a cost: distortions in the price signals that are used to allocate resources, induced excessive risk-taking, and, to limit the resultant moral hazard, greater government supervision and regulation. Clearly, the latter carries with it attendant inefficiencies and limits on innovation.[9] Mr Greenspan has eloquently highlighted one of the key deficiencies with the financial safety net, particularly in relation to government and regulatory supervision of banks during its operation. By increasing government supervision on the financial sector, it severely limits the ability for banks to become innovators in their field and seek to implement new ideas to better service the industry. By implementing rigid supervisory guidelines, the government would be forcing financial institutions to conform to set principles which would effectively make all institutions the same, and limit the ability of these institutions to be granted the autonomy required to be innovative in this industry. Therefore one needs to consider whether the benefits of the financial safety net outweigh the costs associated with it. Mr Greenspan also highlights the increase in costs the taxpayer in the event of the safety net taking effect: The usual suggested premiums for deposit insurance are, of course, far from those that would fully eliminate the subsidy that insurance provides to depository institutions and their borrowers and depositors, especially at times of financial crisis. Indeed, to eliminate the subsidy in deposit insurance, the FDIC insurance premium would have to be set high enough to cover the extreme-loss tail of the distribution of possible outcomes and thus the perceived costs of systemic risk. Since so high a rate appears politically infeasible, the subsidy in deposit insurance cannot be fully eliminated. Moreover, no private insurer will be able to match the actual FDIC premium and cover its risk from the extreme-loss tail. Obviously, if premiums were fully priced, the level of insured deposits would be significantly lower.[10] The above passage demonstrates that it is difficult to lower the deposit insurance premiums associated with a safety net programme, while also ensuring that the deposit insurance fund is still adequately funded to meet its obligations in the event is called upon. By lowering deposit insurance premiums, a financial institution would place a significant strain on itself to be able to cover potential loss associated with the extreme-loss tail which Mr Greenspan discusses and recognises as a serious threat. American newspapers have also highlighted the risks associated with deposit insurance: It has long been known that this feature of the safety net induces moral hazard. Because of the reality and perception that bank deposits are fully protected, banks are willing to engage in riskier activities, insured depositors are less willing and able to monitor the activities of banks, and creditors are less sensitive to the risks incurred by banks. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a system that appropriately prices this insurance and the risks associated with providing it.[11] I fully protecting deposits, the government is inviting banks to be far less accountable for losses incurred as a result of mismanagement of depositors and investors funds, and therefore the deposit insurance scheme needs to be appropriately justified and risk assess for can have any significant practical effect in granting customers peace of mind that there investments are protected, given the current fragile economic climate. Other countries such as Australia have moved to guarantee bank deposits in light of the current financial situation around the globe. Particularly, the Australian government has guaranteed deposits up to an amount of $20,000,[12] despite previously stating that moves by other foreign governments to guarantee deposits were uncoordinated.[13] Interestingly, it has been said that the legal and regulatory framework in place in Serbia and Montenegro sufficient to encourage a deposit protection insurance scheme which would serve to appropriately protect banking customers and the financial industry therein.[14] therefore the results encountered the international arena in relation to the financial safety net are mixed, with some systems acknowledging that certain reforms need to occur before the safety net will function effectively, and others seeking to implement the safety net within their jurisdiction. Conclusion In conclusion, and in consideration of the discussions throughout this brief, would be appropriate to conclude that a financial safety net scheme may be appropriate in certain circumstances in order to provide banking customers with peace of mind in relation to their investments. However it is important to note that a safety net scheme does not bring with it guaranteed success, and one must consider the risks associated with implementing such a scheme and their possible contribution to the dire financial situation which is currently being experienced throughout the world. While the rationale of the safety net may have good intentions, it is clear that deposit guarantees and poor crisis management can have adverse effects on the financial market and therefore affect consumers in a negative way when the intentions are all positive. The international experience with financial safety nets is inconclusive. It is primarily due to the fact that underlying financial pressures in particular jurisdictions can have adverse effects on the effectiveness of the financial safety net, and make it difficult for the safety net to be effective in correcting these imbalances. In the case of the United States cost of deposit and investment insurance is simply too high to justify, whereas in say Australia or Japan the benefit outweighs the cost based on sound financial infrastructure and crisis management techniques. Therefore it is significantly easier to implement a safety net system in these jurisdictions, given the sturdy financial history of the Asian markets. The United States present difficult challenge, with the major financial institutions having capital tied up in high risk investment portfolios, such as what was experienced with the sub-prime mortgage crisis beginning in mid-to late 2007. In short, the question must be asked whether a safety net would increase the liquidity resources of financial institutions, which is universally accepted to be the significant cause of the current financial crisis. The short answer is yes, given that deposit and investment insurance should effectively encourage customers to invest with a particular bank given that their money is effectively insured for a certain amount. However this insurance policy is not worth the paper its written on the insurance fund does not itself have the liquidity service obligations should be called upon to do so. This is a problematic situation, and cannot be effectively answered in a simple form. Only time will tell whether the financial crisis eases as a result of governments purchasing bad mortgage debts from financial institutions, and whether the liquidity shortage ends as a result. Bibliography Arner, D.W., Financial Stability, Economic Growth and the Role of Law (2007), London: Cambridge Australian Broadcasting Corporation, ‘Government considers upping bank deposit safety net’ (2008) http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/10/12/2388583.htm> at 14 December 2008 Australian Broadcasting Corporation, ‘No need for Government guarantee on bank deposits: Rudd’ (2008) http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/10/10/2387244.htm> at 14 December 2008 Demirguc-Kunt, A., and Detragiache, E., ‘The determinants of banking crises in developed and developing countries’ (1998), IMF Staff Papers 45, 81-109 Demirguc-Kunt, A., and Huizinga, H., ‘Market Discipline and Financial Safety Net Design’ (1999), World Bank Policy Research Paper WPS2183 Gerda, O., Brewer III, E., and Evanoff, D.D., ‘The Financial Safety Net: costs, benefits and implications’ (2001) The Chicago Fed Letter http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3631/is_200111/ai_n8986952> at 14 December 2008 Greenspan, A., Former Federal Reserve Chairman, ‘Speech – The Financial Safety Net’, 10 May 2001, http://www.federalreserve.gov/Boarddocs/Speeches/2001/20010510/default.htm> at 14 December 2008 Herzsenhorn, D.M., ‘Administration is seeking $700 billion for Wall Street’ (2008), New York Times, 20 September 2008 IMF – Monetary and Financial System Department, Operational Paper OP/00/01, Emergency Liquidity Support Facilities Kane, E.J., The SL Insurance Mess: How Did it Happen? (1987), Lanham, MD: University Press of America Marinkovic, S.T., ‘Designing an Incentive-Compatible Safety Net in a Financial System in Transition: The Case of Serbia’ (2004), Centre for the Study of Global Governance, Discussion Paper 35, http://se1.isn.ch/serviceengine/FileContent?serviceID=ISNfileid=07ECE3C0-79BF-BEF2-62FF-A5CF5F97D730lng=en> at 14 December 2008 Reuters, ‘Asian central banks spend billions to prevent crash’ (2008), International Herald Tribune, 16 September 2008 World Bank and International Monetary Fund, Financial Sector Assessment: A Handbook (2005) Footnotes [1] Reuters, ‘Asian central banks spend billions to prevent crash’ (2008), International Herald Tribune, 16 September 2008. [2] David M. Herzsenhorn, ‘Administration is seeking $700 billion for Wall Street’ (2008), New York Times, 20 September 2008. [3] Asl Demirguc-Kunt and Harry Huizinga, ‘Market Discipline and Financial Safety Net Design’ (1999), World Bank Policy Research Paper WPS2183, 2-3; citing Asl Demirguc-Kunt, and E. Detragiache, ‘The determinants of banking crises in developed and developing countries’ (1998), IMF Staff Papers 45, 81-109 and Edward J. Kane, The SL insurance Mess: How Did it Happen? (1987). [4] See also Douglas W. Arner, Financial Stability, Economic Growth and the Role of Law (2007), 139-140. [5] World Bank and International Monetary Fund, Financial Sector Assessment: A Handbook (2005), 105. [6] Ibid, 105-6. See also IMF – Monetary and Financial System Department, Operational Paper OP/00/01, Emergency Liquidity Support Facilities. [7] Ibid, 106. [8] Ibid, 107. [9] Federal Reserve Bank Chairman Alan Greenspan, ‘Speech – The Financial Safety Net’, 10 May 2001, http://www.federalreserve.gov/Boarddocs/Speeches/2001/20010510/default.htm> at 14 December 2008. [10] Ibid. [11] Oscar Gerda, Elijah Brewer III, and Douglas D. Evanoff, ‘The Financial Safety Net: costs, benefits and implications’ (2001) The Chicago Fed Letter http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3631/is_200111/ai_n8986952> at 14 December 2008. [12] Australian Broadcasting Corporation, ‘Government considers upping bank deposit safety net’ (2008) http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/10/12/2388583.htm> at 14 December 2008. [13] Australian Broadcasting Corporation, ‘No need for Government guarantee on bank deposits: Rudd’ (2008) http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/10/10/2387244.htm> at 14 December 2008. [14] See, generally, Srdjan T. Marinkovic, ‘Designing an Incentive-Compatible Safety Net in a Financial System in Transition: The Case of Serbia’ (2004), Centre for the Study of Global Governance, Discussion Paper 35, http://se1.isn.ch/serviceengine/FileContent?serviceID=ISNfileid=07ECE3C0-79BF-BEF2-62FF-A5CF5F97D730lng=en> at 14 December 2008, 17.

Silence in Chaim Potoks The Chosen Essay examples -- Potok Chosen Ess

Silence in The Chosen  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the book The Chosen the four main characters have different views on how children should be raised. Danny Saunders was said to be raised in silence. Danny was raised in silence in that communication was cut off between Danny and his father, except when they were studying Talmud. The reason Danny’s father did not speak to his son is because Rabbi Saunders wanted to have Danny think things through himself. Reb Saunders also wanted Danny to grow up in the same manner he himself was raised. Rabbi Saunders tries his hardest to have his son’s soul be ready for taking over the task of leading the Jewish people. The reason that a person must have a strong soul is so that they can handle the burden that Danny’s followers will heap onto him. Rabbi Saunders believes that only speaking to his son in Talmud discussions will enhance his sons soul. That is why Reb Saunders raises his child in silence. It is understandable to raise a son in the way Reb Saunders did, because Danny was destined for such great things. All Reb Saunders wants is that hi...

Organization Structure

Sgagafga Fdgasf Fdga Dsg Dgfa G Qgfrsad 1. Function and Project Organization Structures * In a function organization structure, employees are organized according to the nature of their employment. For example, all employees who work with human resources are relegated to a department called human resources while all employees who work with the company's accounts are assigned to the accounting department. In a project organization structure, employees with different skills and responsibilities are put together in departments according to the projects that they are working on. Matrix Organization Structure Matrix organization structure is a hybrid of function and project organization structures where one employees has two or sometimes even more sets of responsibilities and oversight. Said employee is responsible not only to superiors in the department in which he works but also to the manager who leads the project to which he is assigned. For example, an engineer who is assigned to work on architectural plans answers to both the project leader and to his superiors in the engineering department. * Sponsored Links * Employee Performance Goals Employee Performance Goals S/W Download Free Whitepaper! ww. CornerstoneOnDemand. com Communication * Communication can be considered good when it is both effective and efficient in getting the intended meaning across to the intended recipient. Efficient means that the meaning was conveyed in a concise manner without bloat while effective means that the message was conveyed without its intended meaning being distorted in some way in the process. Poor Communication in Matrix Organizations * A matrix organization comes with a host of disadvantages, many of which have a negative impact on the efficacy and efficiency of communication within the organization.First, there is redundant management in the sense that there are two sets of management whose responsibilities overlap at times, meaning that their communication to higher-ups i s hampered by one another. Second is that each set of management is independent of one another; this can produce different analyses, which can lead to a confused assessment for higher-ups. Third is that redundant management is expensive and the two sets of information that they produce and communicate to their superiors is generally not worth that expense. Sponsored Links * Organizational ChartsMake Organizational Charts Fast See Examples, Free Download! www. SmartDraw. com * Create Org Charts Online Plan, Collaborate, Organize Start a Free Live Demo Now www. OrgPlus. com * Organization Structure Chart Quickly Find Organizational Development Theory Solutions www. Business. com * Accredited Sales Courses 100% Online Sales Skills Courses. Approved by IACET. Enroll Today! Universalclass. com Related Searches * Organisational Structure * Matrix Organization * Organization Structure * Matrix Management * Business Structure These 5 Things Will Destroy Your RetirementNewsmax 1% of American s Believe This Crisis is ImminentMoney Morning Before You Sneak That Bottle on BoardReviewed. com Billionaire Tells Americans to Prepare For â€Å"Financial Ruin†Moneynews   by Taboola References * FAO Corporate Document Depositary: Matrix Organization * FAO Corporate Document Depositary: Where the Matrix Approach Is Best * Photo Credit Hemera Technologies/AbleStock. com/Getty Images ————————————————- Matrix management From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This article  needs additional citations for verification.Please help  improve this article  by  adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be  challenged  and  removed. (October 2010)| A matrix organization Matrix management  is a type of organizational  management  in which people with similar skills are pooled for work assignments. For example, all  engineers  may b e in one engineering department and report to an engineering manager, but these same engineers may be assigned to different projects and report to a different engineering manager or a project manager while working on that project.Therefore, each engineer may have to work under several managers to get his job done. Contents  Ã‚  [hide]   * 1  The Matrix * 2  Advantages and Disadvantages * 3  Visual representation * 4  Clarification * 5  References * 6  Further reading| ————————————————- [edit]The Matrix Some organizations fall somewhere between the fully  functional  and pure matrix. These organizations are defined in  A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOK) 4th Edition as  composite.For example, even a fundamentally functional or matrix organization may create a special project team to handle a critical project. Whereas project-ce ntered organizations (like those in engineering, construction or the aerospace industries) have structures built around project teams as their functional units, matrix organizations follow the traditional structures, with some adjustments to their hierarchy to support project units. [1] ————————————————- [edit]Advantages and Disadvantages Proponents of matrix suggest that two advantages exist to matrix management.First, it allows team members to share information more readily across task boundaries. Second, it allows for specialization that can increase depth of knowledge and allow professional development and career progression to be managed. The disadvantage of matrix management is that employees can become confused due to conflicting loyalties. The belief is that a properly managed cooperative environment can neutralize these disadvantages. Opponents of matrix managemen t believe that it is an outdated method to organize a company.One disadvantage of matrix management is that it doubles the number of managers when compared to  line management, and as the time to reach a decision increases with the number of managers the result may be an increase in management related overhead expenses. The advantages of a matrix include: * Individuals can be chosen according to the needs of the project. * The use of a project team that is dynamic and able to view problems in a different way as specialists have been brought together in a new environment. * Project managers are directly responsible for completing the project within a specific deadline and budget.Whilst the disadvantages include: * A conflict of loyalty between line managers and project managers over the allocation of resources. * Projects can be difficult to monitor if teams have a lot of independence. * Costs can be increased if more managers (i. e. project managers) are created through the use of project teams. ————————————————- [edit]Visual representation Representing matrix organizations visually has challenged managers ever since the matrix management structure was invented.Most organizations use dotted lines to represent secondary relationships between people, and charting software such as Visio and OrgPlus supports this approach. Until recently,  Enterprise resource planning(ERP) and  Human resource management systems  (HRMS) software did not support matrix reporting. Late releases of  SAP  software support matrix reporting, and  OracleeBusiness Suite can also be customized to store matrix information. ————————————————- [edit]Clarification Matrix management should not be confused with â€Å"tight matrix†.Tight matrix, or co-locati on, refers to locating offices for a project team in the same room, regardless of management structure. ————————————————- [edit]References 1. ^  Seet, Daniel. â€Å"Power: The Functional Manager’s Meat and Project Manager’s Poison? â€Å",  PM Hut, February 6, 2009. Retrieved on March 2, 2010. ————————————————- [edit]Further reading * Galbraith, J. R. (1971). â€Å"Matrix Organization Designs: How to combine functional and project forms†. In:  Business Horizons, February, 1971, 29-40. â€Å"A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge  (PMBOK)†,  Project Management Institute,  ISBN 1-880410-23-0 * R J Shepherd (2007). â€Å"Mentoring Soft Boundaries for Management†, MIDAS MDF 2007; 2:79-89 Categories: * Mana gement * Organizational theory * Types of organization ————————————————- Navigation menu * Create account * Log in * Article * Talk * Read * Edit * View history Top of Form Bottom of Form * Main page * Contents * Featured content * Current events * Random article * Donate to Wikipedia * Wikimedia Shop Interaction * Help * About Wikipedia * Community portal Recent changes * Contact Wikipedia Toolbox Print/export Languages * * * Deutsch * Francais * * Magyar * Nederlands * * Norsk bokmal * Polski * Portugues * Suomi * Ti? ng Vi? t * Edit links * This page was last modified on 4 April 2013 at 12:35. * Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. 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Cannondale essays

Cannondale essays 2-.Indenty key issues from the Broad Environment and discuss how they might impact this industry in the future We can differentiate the following key points: 1. Federal Legislation. During the 1990s the US government enacted legislation that requires communities to include cycling in local transit infrastructure plan (for example Clean Air Act, set standards for air quality). So, people use more the cycle than before, and they spend more money in it. (more money more profit). 2. The appeal of mountain biking. The number of mountain bikers in US grew from 200.000 in 1982 to 85 million in 1997. So the sales has increased considerably; three factors contributed to the popularity of mountain bikes: They were more comfortable to ride than typical touring or racing models. The bikes greatly increased the terrain available to bicycles. More adults were turning toward outdoor activities in their leisure time. 3. Technological Innovation. Cannondale was the first firm in selling mountain bikes. They have based his strategy in technological innovation. They were the first to offer affordable large-diameter aluminum-tube bicycles in the early 1980s. This is an important competitive advantage, because they can sell the products to high prices (new differentiated product can be sold to high prices). Nowadays all the bikes manufacturers, including companies that manufactured inexpensive bicycles, it is using aluminum; so they have to use new raw material like Carbon or Titanium to innovate. The same has happens with full-suspension system. 4. Mature industry. The growing of cycling industry has decrease after 1995. The revenues had been growing exponentially during the 1980s, so Cannondale the leader of the high-performance mountain bike segment had grown greatly. Nowadays, the market is growing but more slowly than before. We can say that the market is saturated, so to keep the growing levels it will b...

Ecommerce. essays

Ecommerce. essays E-Commerce (E-Business) refers to All business processes that take place across electronic networks. This includes everything from the selling of goods through the World Wide Web to bar-coding in supermarkets to interactive television and a whole host of other emerging technologies. eBusiness integrates Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) with traditional business processes, introducing efficiencies that cut costs and increase profits. Businesses can be promoted internationally on the internet and business transactions buying, selling and payment can be carried out on line. The continuing trends are for new services coming online at a rapid rate from all corners of the globe. Some high spending consumer groups are adopting the internet as a way of shopping. Increased opportunities for niche markets are arising, as are greater competition for those not meeting customer needs precisely. The initial presence of a business online is an electronic address and a home page on the internet, the home page is in essence an electronic brochure or catalogue. It is stored in electronic format on that businesses computer or on a service providers computer. Electronic commerce will impact on consumer markets and business to business markets. The initial consumer sectors to be affected are specialist retail, tourism, education and entertainment. Software and electronic sectors and business information sectors already use the internet for supplying data, technical assistance, upgrades and demonstrations. E-Business Survey - Preliminary Results 20 May 2002 A new survey commissioned by the Ministry indicates that there has been a huge surge in business use of the Internet over the 21 months since a previous survey in August 2000. Three of every four large firms (over 50 full-time staff) now have their own website and almost all (95%) have a domain name. Of the firms surveyed, ·...

Case study analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case study analysis - Term Paper Example Google was one of the pioneers to introduce easy and fast search. There technique of PageRank gained them more popularity. PageRank was used to measure the importance and relevance of a website based on the back links the site had from other famous sites. The AdWords introduced by Google gave many companies to advertise their products and website on web. AdWords gives the client the ability to select the relevant key words they prefer. Whenever these key words appear in the search the websites which have chosen these keywords will be displayed. Google has been able to change the concept of viral marketing altogether (Google’s Country Experiences: France, Germany, Japan, 200). Cultural Dimension of Google Google has been able to change a lot of traditional corporate work culture. Google has always promoted work with fun concept. They believe in keeping their work place playful yet efficient. Google management does not believe in serious nature of work, they believe that it is o nly when the employees are happy that they will be more efficient and creative in their work. When Google went for global expansion, their offices in all the countries had the work culture. The employees were never asked to come in formal attire. The aesthetics of the offices all over were also done with a casual attitude. Where other corporates promoted business like attitude in all their aspects, Google stuck to their core belief that work can be fun. It was a little difficult for employees in countries like Britain and other European Union countries to adapt to Google’s work culture. The informal way of conducting themselves in work place is an alien thing for these countries that associate work with serious attitude. Google has been known to promote ethnic expression at work place (Hamen, 2003). The Google management encourages their employees to mingle with each other. They encourage people hailing from different countries and communities to interact with each other. Thi s helps the employees to broaden their thought process. The set up in all Google offices is done in such a way that all employees have their meals together in cafeteria. Google also is famous for encouraging women employment in many countries to promote gender equality. The employees are provided with all the facilities like food, massage parlour and pool table etc. in the office complex itself. However, Google does stress enough importance on performance also. All employees are expected to perform to the best of their capability. The raise and promotions are based on the performance of the employee. An employee who is able to perform brilliantly while having fun is an ideal employee for Google. Google does not want its employee to lose focus from their jobs. The facility provided by them is to facilitate more productivity not divert the focus of the employees. The rapid growth of Google in different countries confirms the business viability of their unconventional ways. The busines s model of Google has raised many objections in many countries. Many countries like France and China do not agree to their business model. Google had to modify many of the original products they offered to accommodate country specific demands and laws (Google’s Country Experiences: France, Germany, Japan, 202). Revenue Earning Potential of Google Focusing on the revenue earning dimension of the company it is found that in the previous days Google used to

Rama Plaza Building Collapse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rama Plaza Building Collapse - Essay Example While the signing of agreements is a good indication of goodwill, it is essential to consider other issues which will guarantee that employees are treated in the best way possible. Signing go many agreements is however no guarantee that safety is going to improve. Yet, these agreements only make the relationship between workers and employers to be tortuous. It cannot be stressed enough that such unfortunate events as the Rana Plaza accidents are unacceptable in any way. In this regard, firms and industries must be able to have a good way for protecting their workers (Ehap & Salim, 67). Manufacturers must not depend on rules and laws in order to protect human life. Human life is way too important, and the value of human life should not be valued based on econometrics. This means that these firms need to be able to look at these issues in a better way rather than just creating rules and laws and loo at worker safety in a very serious way. In a modern business world, competition has con tinued to increase in this regard; there are many strategies which are mean to help in making sure that businesses are competent. In this regard, business experts has developed the value chain process is the life cycle a product goes through until the product gets to the end consumer (Ehap & Salim, 66). This process is a definition of the costs which the firms will have to incur in order produce a finished item. In other words, the many businesses are geared towards making sure that the firm can present the best quality of their merchandise to their consumer while offering them the best price possible. This has led to businesses trying as much as possible to reduce their operational costs (Ehap & Salim, 78). In this case, human resource has been affected because firms have tried as much as possible to reduce the cost of human labour, leading to firms in the first world to outsource their labour aboard (especially in China) in order to have cheap labour. This means that events such a s the Rana Plaza industrial accident can be traced back to the consumer. To prevent this in the future, it is necessary to involve the consumer and help them understand the real cost of the product thy use. Some cheap products in the market are paid for in blood because humans have been abused to make these products. This can be seen in the way the Chinese sweat houses are used to make low cost garments. This has been seen in other various cases such as in Apple Inc., Nike etc. Consumers need to be educated about these issues and encouraged to avoid blood-products (in other words, products whose real cost is human blood.) by educating the end consumers on these issues it will be possible to avoid instances such as the Rana Plaza. In doing so, firms must be forced to reveal the actual cost structure of producing their products in order to identify any blood cost in their production of goods or in their value chain. From a single business point of view, there is therefore a need to cr eate a solution which is not really considerate of the economic efficiency. Businesses have responsibilities which are tied to various stakeholders and these responsibilities must be met before economic efficiency can be considered. However, in the long run, focusing on these responsibilities will also help individual businesses to save in the long run. A firm