Single Mothers An American Family - 1306 Words

In the United States, the so-called â€Å"nuclear family† is still considered the typical American family unit. However, in recent years the colloquial definition of a family has become more inclusive and accepting of those made up of gay parents, interracial parents, single parents, and even those who choose not to have children. Despite the general upward movement in positivity towards these different groups, a recent Pew Research poll has come to show that a good majority of Americans (approximately 70%) believe that one of these is inherently â€Å"bad for society†: single mothers (Conan 2011). This kind of attitude is not new, either; single mothers have continuously been viewed by society as lacking or incompetent, looked upon with disdain, ridiculed, and are often even cast aside by their own families. This stigma attached so firmly to these single mothers hurts deeper and more painfully than just as an emotional blow. Poverty is a huge concern for single mothers , and one could argue that society’s attitude towards single mothers is one of the root causes of this. The stigma against single mothers should be eradicated because it is largely based on misinformation, and single mothers already have to deal with blatant sexism and racism in the United States. To generate sympathy for these mothers and create a more welcoming society towards â€Å"alternative† family types such as theirs, an advertising campaign should be taken up to show the struggles these women go through along withShow MoreRelatedA Single Mother Is Not Easy Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pages Single motherhood in America is something that could be viewed as an issue, that almost every parent has had to overcome. Being a single mother is not easy, especially if you have more than one child to look after. I will be focusing on the history of Black and white single mothers in America and how they overcame the challenges that comes with being a single parent. Being a single mother in today’s society is perceived differently than someone who was a single mother in the nineteenth or twentiethRead MoreSingle Motherhood : Against The Odds966 Words   |  4 PagesSingle Motherhood: Against the Odds I. Introduction Are single mothers really bad for not providing adequately for their children or is it the lack of sufficient public support and assistance provided for single mothers after the 1996 Welfare Reform that is the real problem that resulted into a judgment that recognizes single motherhood as not a good thing in the society? After the 1996 Welfare Reform, single mothers’ total income has increased and opportunities in employment also expandedRead MoreSingle Parenting Stigma1700 Words   |  7 PagesSingle-Parenting Families: Attached Stigmas The social deviance that interests me is single parenting, one who chose to have a child out of wed-lock. The stigma attached to being a single parent is rising anew. Many media commentators blame Americas uptrend in violence and other social problems on family breakdown - on single parents. This stigma is based on myths and stereotypes that have been promoted by half-truths and, often, by prejudiced viewpoints. Many in our society still regard singleRead MoreComparison Matrix996 Words   |  4 PagesStructure Matter?, Emery and Barker, The Effect of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Styles on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Customer Contact Personnel, and last The Mother Co-parent Relationship and Youth Adjustment: A Study on African American Single Mother Families by Shook, Jones, Forehand, Dorsey and Brody. Wright and Pandey article one, was based on transformational leadership. In this article the public’s organization performance is based on the higher levelsRead MoreMy Family Is Not The Typical Caucasian Family Dynamic1049 Words   |  5 PagesAs with any family, ours is not the typical Caucasian family dynamic. We began with my husband as the traditional breadwinner while I was finishing my college education. It was planned that we both would be working in careers before we discovered I was pregnancy with our first son. Three months later my spouse would suffer a great tragedy and was no longer able to walk, much less work. I would have to take on the role of not only breadwinner, but also caregiver and mother within the next yearRead MoreFamily Structures Are Changing The Face of America1425 Words   |  6 Pagesprogressed the definition of a family has changed drastically. What one would have considered a family in early centuries has truthfully changed from what one would consider a family in today’s society. During earlier centuries a family consisted of a father, mother and their children; however that is no longer the case for most families in American society today. In American society families are defined in many different facets such as the traditional family, blended families, single parent homes and homosexualRead MoreThe Academic And Social Challenges Of Children From Single Parent Homes1575 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Proposal The Academic and Social Challenges of Children from Single Parent Homes Ball State University Jason Huffer EDPS 640 Dr. Eric Pierson 5/4/2016 Children of Single Parent Homes 2 Abstract The purpose of this current study is to highlight the growing academic concerns and difficult social challenges facing children who live in single parent homes. For this study I will focus on children nationwide. I will present data related to this topic on a couple different subjectRead MoreIncome Inequality: It’s Effect on African-American Single Mothers and Their Children1629 Words   |  7 PagesIncome Inequality: It’s Effect on African-American Single Mothers and Their Children. I believe that it’s not fair for single mothers to get paid less, when some of them are the back bones of this country. Currently the minimum wage, in the United States, is set to 8$ per hour. Women in general are only paid 77%, so it is appropriate to assume that through mathematics, women get a wage as high as $6.16. African-American women only get paid 64% of every dollar a man makes. If the minimum wage isRead MoreThe Poverty Of African Americans851 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican Americans have been systematically discriminated against since the advent of slavery over 200 years ago and still continue to be oppressed. Slavery created the ideology that Whites were superior to African Americans, because slaves were seen as property and not as human beings (O’Connell 2012). Following this sentiment, African Americans were not allowed to receive an education, let alone learn how to read. These slaves were dependent on their slave owners for the total well being of themse lvesRead MoreEssay about The Changing of American Families1050 Words   |  5 PagesThe Changing of American Families Television reflects how American families are viewed. Leave it to Beaver and The Brady Bunch were the ideal families in the 1960s and 1970s, and in the 80s, it was Family Ties. When the 1990s approached us, television shows took on a whole new outlook on American Families. There were shows such as Full House, which was about a single father raising three daughters with the help of his brother-in-law and his best friend. Roseanne was also another show that

The Underground War in Gaza by Joe Sacco - 1514 Words

In our American society, newspapers are very important they provide a lot of solid information of what is happening in national and international level. Newspapers are usually written to expose conflicts, peace, knowledge, lost, and other cultural media. These articles can be written in different forms such as of multiple paragraph, photos, and comics; such as the one that the New York Times newspaper releases from their journalist, Joe Sacco the author of the comic book â€Å"The Underground War in Gaza† on July 6, 2003. In his comic he exposes the conflicts between Israel and Palestine. Sacco then illustrates the attacks that are happening in Palestinian territories, where the Israeli army attempts to maintain control with the excuse of†¦show more content†¦Throughout Sacco’s comic he chooses to draw himself as part of the comic, in doing so he shows how his charter is the only one that has an actual communication with the upper level of the Israeli army, dem onstrating that Palestinians have no way of communication with the opposing side. In addition to Sacco strategies, the first perspective Sacco shows in his comic book is protection. Even when protection happens in both sides of conflict, Palestine is illustrated as a more protective community, since the invaders are located within their territories. He shows how protection is within the Palestinian and Israeli families and pride. Sacco adds that families began to leave their houses, in page 24, he presents, â€Å"his family was chased out by constant Israeli gunfire,† in this quote Sacco draws himself also in the frame next to Mr. T. a man who is looking after his family’s security. This man has to make a life decision of leaving their â€Å"secure home,† to find an actual secure place for his family. Sacco points out those guns are in the hands of Israeli army, but also in Palestinians hands. He chooses to not make the clear connection but the constant firing happens when there are two different parties attacking. This attack is seen as a pro tection for both countries lives. In the other hand Israelis are protecting their families that live in the other side of the borders; they don’t want their families to live through what is happening in Palestine for this same reasonShow MoreRelatedEssay on Joe Sacco880 Words   |  4 Pages Joe Sacco’s job isn’t to write funny cartoons that belong in the Sunday morning paper. His works also aren’t average articles packed with nothing but boring statistics. Sacco may be a journalist, but there’s much more to him than his notepad and pen; he’s a traveler, an artist, and someone who thinks making a difference in the world is important by putting people’s stories out there. According to his Wikipedia page, Sacco had a hard time finding a job with hard-hitting, attention-grabbing pieces

Xacc 280 Financial Statement Analysis Free Essays

Feedback is at the end of the paper. The three of financial statement analysis are horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, and ratio analysis. The function of all three analyses is to evaluate the significance of financial statements data. We will write a custom essay sample on Xacc 280 Financial Statement Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Horizontal analysis function is to evaluate and compare data given by the financial statement for at least two years with in its own company. Vertical analysis expresses the amounts of the financial statements as a percentage from the amounts given on the financial statements. Vertical analysis also makes it so that companies can compare how they are doing with competing companies. Ratio analysis is used to evaluate liquidity, profitability, and solvency. PepsiCo. Calculations: Ratio: 2005 Current Ratio: 1. 11:1 10,454/9,406=1. 1114 2004 Current Ratio: 1. 28:1 8,639/6,752=1. 2794 Vertical Analysis: 2005 current assets 10,454 / total assets 31,727=0. 3294 or 32. 9% 2004 current assets 8,639 / total assets 27,987=. 3086 or 30. 7% Horizontal Analysis: Assets increased in 2005 by 13% Total assets 2005 31,727-total assets 2004 27,987=3740/ 27,987=. 33 or 13% Liabilities increased by 21% Total liability 2005 17,476-total liability 2004 14,464=3012/14,464=. 208 or 21% Coca-Cola Calculations: Ratios: Current Ratio for 2005 1. 04:1 10,250/9,836=1. 042 Current Ratio for 2004 1. 10:1 12,281/11,133=1. 103 Vertical Analysis: 2005 Current Assets 10,250/total assets 29,427=. 348 or 35% 2004 current assets 12,281/total assets 31,441=. 390 or 39% Horizontal Analysis: Curre nt assets decreased by 17% Current assets in 2005 10,250-current assets 2004 12,281=-2031/current assets 2004 12,281=-. 65 or -17% Current liability decreased by 12% in 2005 Current liability in 2005 9,836- current liability in 2004 11,133=-1297/current liability in 2004 11,133=-. 116 or 12% Good Effort on the CheckPoint See more feedback below. | Â  | CheckPoint 25/points| Points Earned 21. 5/25| Â  | Write in 100 to 200 words an explanation of the three tools of financial statement analysis and the function of each. | 5/5 points| Â  | three tools of financial statement analysis| Â  | 3| The tone is appropriate to the content and assignment. Sentences are complete, clear, and concise. Sentences are well constructed, with consistently strong, varied sentences. Sentence transitions are present and maintain the flow of thought. Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed. Spelling is correct. | Â  | 1| The paper is 100 to 200 words in length. | Â  | 1| Feedback Concept seems to be learned. | Additional Comments:| Â  | Calculate the following for PepsiCo, Inc. and show your work and Calculate the following for Coca-Cola and show your work: | 19/20 points| Â  | Ratio analysis| Â  | Â  | Tool: Current ratio for 2005| Â  | Â  | Pepsico| Â  | 1| Coca-Cola| Â  | 1| Tool: Current ratio for 2004| Â  | Â  | Pepsico| Â  | 1| Coca-Cola| Â  | 1| | Â  | Â  | Vertical analysis| Â  | Â  | Tool: Current assets ? total assets in 2005| Â  | Â  | Pepsico| Â  | 2| Coca-Cola| Â  | 2| Tool: Current assets ? total assets in 2004| Â  | Â  | Pepsico| $8,639 ? $27,987 = 30. 9%| 2| Coca-Cola| $12,281 ? $31,441 = 39. 1%| 2| | Â  | Â  | Horizontal analysis| Â  | Â  | Tool :Percent change in total assets (2005 ? 2004)| Â  | Â  | Pepsico| Â  | 2| Tool :Percent change in current assets (2005 ? 2004)| ($10250-12281) ? $12281 = -16. 5 %| Â  | Coca-Cola| ($29,427 – $31,441) ? $31,441 = -6. %| 1. 5| Tool: Percent change in total liabilities (2005 ? 2004)| Â  | Â  | Pepsico| Â  | 2| Tool: Percent change in current liabilities (2005 ? 2004)| ($9836 – $11133) ? $11133 = -11. 65%| Â  | Coca-Cola| ($13,072 – $15,506) ? $15,506 = -16%| 1. 5| Â  | Â  | Â  | | Â  | Â  | Feedback: All figures looked good but you did the horizontal analysis on the Pepsico for the Total assest and did the current assets for Coca-Cola. You need to compare the same numbers in the companies to be able to complete a correct analysis. | Additional Comments:Â  | Â  | Late One Day 25 *. 0 | Â  | -2. 5| Total 25/Points | Points Earned 21. 5/25| Â  | | Â  | 21. 5| Overall Comments: Late assignments receive a 10% deduction for each day they are late. Assignments are late if they are not posted by midnight Arizona time (MST) of the day they are due. Assignments that are more than 4 days late will not be accepted unless we have negotiated and mutually agreed upon an alternative submission date in advance. Unless an Incomplete grade has been granted, student assignments submitted after the last day of class will not be accepted. | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | | | | How to cite Xacc 280 Financial Statement Analysis, Papers

The Orang-Utan Foundation

Question: The Orangutan Foundation in Central Kalimantan in Indonesian Borneo runs tours where volunteers can assist with constructing buildings and fences to secure the wild orang-utans. The mission statement for the organisation informs us that the Orangutan Foundation goes beyond that of purely protecting the orangutan? Answer: Introduction This report is basically for analysing the STP plan of the Orang-utan foundation. Orang-utan foundation has a great scope in the Australian wild life tourism market as the Australian tourism has started various plans for the wildlife tourism in Australia which will also help in preserving the animals whose population is decreasing day by day. Thus, for fulfilling the objective of the report, first Orang-utan foundation will be discussed and how the Orang-utan foundation is helping in preserving the species of Orang-utans. Then the literatures will be reviewed for understanding the requirements of the report. It will also discuss about the STP plan with the 7ps for developing the market plan of Orang-utan foundation. It is very necessary to preserve the species of Orang-utan on the earth as the population of the Orang-utans are decreasing day by day on the earth. The one way of preserving these species is to make them a tourist visitor place. By any way, if the tourists attract towards these animals then it can create feeling of sympathy and love towards these animals which can help in preserving these animals. People may start adopting these animals as a pet if they feel the goodness and attractiveness of these species. Australia may be a great place for this, as people of Australia are very much affectionate and attracted towards these types of animals. There is a great scope for Orang-utan foundation in Australia for wild life tourism. Overview of Orang-utan Foundation Dr. Birute Mary Galdikas founded the Orang-utan foundation for a special purpose of maintaining the population of orang-utans worldwide (About Orang-utan, 2014). The Orang-utan foundation was founded in 1986 as a non-profit organization working for the Orang-utans. The purpose of the Orang-utan foundation is preserving and saving the Orang-utans worldwide. Orang-utan foundation organises various programs and revolution for this objective. Orang-utan foundation also researches on the orang-utans to find the cause and solutions of decrease in the population of Orang-utans worldwide. Orang-utan foundation also provides its services in the rainforests. The Orang-utan foundation also works in the education field. This foundation provides the education in various parts of Indonesia. Knowledge about Orang-utans is also generated by the Orang-utan foundation. Orang-utan foundation is totally dedicated to preserving the species of the Orang-utans worldwide by running various programmes and generating the awareness between the people about the Orang-utans. These services provides an opportunity to 200 people of Indonesia for employment in their Orang-utan care centre and Quarantine facility, basically situated in Dayak village of Indonesia. Honolulu zoo in Hawaii and Rusti zoo in New Jersey are the zoos managed by the Orang-utan foundation. These zoo are basically for the adult male Orang-utans. Camp Leakey is also a research centre managed by the Orang-utan foundation. Tan Jung Putting National Park is the centre for this research centre (Orang-utan, 2014). Literature review Orang-Utan needs attention Orang-utan killing is a dirty big secret of palm oil and pulp and paper concession world (Orang-utan foundation, 2012, P.3). Research centre of Orang-utan Foundation used to find these facts about the Orang-utan, which causes the problems for the Orang-utans and become a big reason for decreasing the population of Orang-utans worldwide. Apes are getting threatened by the palm oil is written in the report of Helen Buckland. Thus, by adopting these facts people in the UK has reduced the use of palm oil; in UK, palm oil is available in one store out of 10 stores (Helen, 2012). Thus, these types of various problems for the Orang-utans are researched by the Orang-utan foundation and found the solution of these problems worldwide. A program named Camp Rendelle is organised by the Orang-utan foundation which is dedicated towards the research for finding the various problems and facts related to the population of Orang-utan and various types of solutions are also developed under this programme. Various other organizations are also working in this for finding the solutions for preserving the Orang-utans. A film by IMAX also showed the various facts and figures about the orang-utans to generating awareness about the apes in people. These types of movies help the people in feeling the beauty of the Orang-utans and how these animals can be helpful for the humans and the earth; these also disclose the other, like the average living age of the Orang-utans is around 60 years and these animals like to live alone generally (IMAX, 2011). Wild Life Tourism in Australia When wild life becomes an interest of the people to see and visit then it is called wild life tourism (Newsome, 2005). Wild life is actually related to the life of animals. This also discusses the environment, life style and various other factors which are related to the animals discussed in the wild life theory. CRC, an organization related to tourism in Australia, interviewed 1356 people of Australia. According to this programme conducted by CRC, 440 people out of 1356 people had visited the wildlife places in last one year but in actual 71.1% of the population of Australia like to visit wildlife and spend some time in these types of places on weekends (Fredline, 2007). According to another report which shows the market of wildlife tourism in Australia, Australia has 600 ecotourism operators, in which 510 ecotourism operators work only with 20 people. This report also indicated that the Ecotourism of Australia is also increasing year by year and it can be a great place for wild tourism (Active Tourism, 2012). Australia is running various projects for Orang-utans. Australia also understands the importance of these programs for the wild life balancing on earth. Thus, one of the famous project that is running in Australia is Adopt an Orang-utan. This can help the Orang-utan in learning the ways of survival and caring about themselves. The strategy behind this project is that the people related to this project adopt a motherless Orang-utan and they take of that and teach it the ways of survival and caring itself. They teach them various other things like collecting food, preventing themselves from hunters, other hunter animals etc. (The Orang-utan Project, 2014). These types of projects are governed by the Australian government to protect Orang-utans. This also creates an interest in people towards the Orang-utans. People start loving and caring about this species of animals. Tourism Corporation of Australia has published a report about the tourism statistics of Australia from year 2009 to 2020. This report tells the situation and growth of the tourism in Australia from 2009 to 2013 and an estimate of the tourism statistics from 2014 to 2020 (Tourism Corporation of Australia, 2013). The data estimated and data observed in 2014 were nearly same (Australia tourism, 2014). According to these reports it can be clearly said that the Tourism in Australia is growing year by year. From the data observed in 2014, it can be clearly said that the Australian tourism is meeting its estimation very efficiently. It will open the various scopes for the tourism corporations in Australia. Scope of Orang-utan Foundation in Australia Both the tourism corporation of Australia and the Orang-utan foundation are working in the field of preserving the Orang-utans in Australia. This will help in generating the awareness and interest of people towards the wildlife tourism. Australian government is also focusing on increasing the wild life tourism in Australia for the next 5 years. The estimation of Australian government is to grow the tourism in Australia frequently. This will create various opportunities for the Orang-utan foundation to grow in Australia. (Cosen Gray, 2012). STP Plan for Australian Tourism market The STP plan of Orang-utan Foundation is as follows. Segmentation: Personal segment and organizational segments can be two segments in which the market for wild life tourism can be segmented for Orang-utan foundation. The events and the programmes organised by the organizations may come under the organizational segment of the market segmentation and when people themselves make a plan to visit these types of places then that market segment come under the personal segment of the market. Thus, two types of market segments are there in case of wild life tourism. The two sub segments of the personal segment can be group or family and the individual person. The individual person may plan to visit wild life places when the people want to get refreshment or want to spend some time with themselves. Wild life places can be very much suitable for these objectives of an individual person. A family or group may have objective of enjoyment or picnic. Wild life places can be a centre of adventure and enjoyment for a group of people. The organizational segment basically visits these places for the purpose of knowledge, picnic and completing documentary etc. There may be other purposes also for places but above are the most common purposes of organizational tours at these places. Mainly, schools, colleges, orphanages and the old age homes are the organizations which are most interested in these types of tours for various purposes. Market can be segmented in one another part also. This part can be segmented for the researchers and geologists. Geologists are also interested in performing research on the Orang-utans. These types of places can help the geologists a lot in their research. Geologists can find various facts about the animals at these places by researching them carefully. Researchers can find many types of species of Orang-utans at these types of places. Thus, by this way the market for the Orang-utan Foundation can be segmented. Targeted Market Here we are talking about wild life places. Any person can enjoy at a wild life place but mostly the children enjoy at these places. Every person who comes here, has lots of fun and entertainment. This is the right place to get relaxed and refreshment (Money Control, 2014). These types of places are perfect spot for picnics and for spending holidays. These places are also perfect to make projects on animals and wild life. So many college students come to these places for completing their projects. Mainly, the age group of 16 to 25 years old college students come here to make their projects or assignment on wildlife and animals. These types of places are perfect for the old age people to get the feeling of peace and divinity. So every person can attract towards wild life place. If we talk about organizations then so many organizations, like school, orphanages, old age homes and colleges, are also attracted by the wild life places. There are so many reasons for schools and colleges to organize picnics and tours in wildlife places. These places provide a lot of knowledge and entertainment, so the first priority for picnic place for schools is wildlife places. Old age homes and Orphanages make their picnic or tours at these places because these places give peace, divinity, relaxation and refreshment to the old age person. Positioning In Australia, there are a variety of wildlife places and organizations. There is a tough competition in market for wild life tourism but Orang-utan is a foundation which doesnt work for profit. This foundation never gives their priority to make strategy for competition. As the name is indicating that it specially cares for the Orang-utans. This foundation is especially for Orang-utan so it provides only services in saving and preserving the Orang-utans. The first priority of this foundation is always Orang-utan. The speciality of Orang-utan foundation is to perform the research and study on Orang-utans. If someone wants to get knowledge about Orang-utan, then this foundation is the best. The Orang-utan foundation is on top in the rank of Australian market while considering the Orang-utan only, but if we consider the overall wildlife, then this organization may be back in the rank (Orang-utan Foundation, 2014). 7P of Orang-utan Foundation 7Ps creates a base for the marketing strategy. 7P of an organization provides a rough knowledge about the organization like what is the process of the organization, people related to the process of organization etc. The 7Ps of the Orang-utan foundations are as follows: People The forest rangers, trained guards, researchers are an important part of the organisation. The forest rangers are really important for this process as they help in any emergency. Trained safety guards are also important for the visitors as these may help in any type of injuries at these places. The training of these guards is very important as they need to take care of both Orang-utans and the visitors (Orang-utan, 2012). Place The country which we have considered is Australia. It will require a large area for Orang-utan Foundation, which cant be found inside any other city and if at all it is found then that will be very costly. Other factor is that people cant get relaxation at any place inside the city due to level of pollution and annoying sound of the traffic. Thus, it should be outside the main city (Sharma, 2014). Price Price is also an important factor while discussing the marketing strategy but Orang-utan Foundation may not be interested in the price so much as this is a non- profit organization. It should also be noted that the fund is the most important factor while running any organization (Orang-utan Foundation, 2014). Orang-utan foundation collects the major fund from donation but tickets are also a source of collection of fund. The prices of ticket can be decided by dividing the purpose and the profession of the people like students should get the proper discount but other people should be charged full. The prices of tickets should not be high as well as low. Promotion Online promotion currently is the best way of promotion and marketing. The most common ways of online promotions are social media marketing, search engine optimization, providing advertisements on the most used websites. The best way of the social media promotion is Facebook, twitter and YouTube as these social networking sites are mostly used by the people all over the world and these websites alone cover half of the world (Kotler, 2010). The other ways of the promotion will be various other media which is mostly used by the people are television media, newspapers and magazines. These ways of marketing is working from various previous years. Company will use some of the more basic ways promotion also those ways are template, hoardings, and banners etc. These ways of promotion are also prove best for the marketing. Company may run various other social programs which will attract the people towards the Orang-utans. Thus these ways of promotion will help a lot to company in various ways to make a recognized position in the Australian market. Product Product or services that Orang-utan foundation will distribute is related to the Orang-utans. Orang-utan foundation will help the people in knowing about the orang-utan. Orang-utan also helps in conducting various types of researches for saving and preserving the Orang-utans. These researches also help the visitors in getting the knowledge about Orang-utans. Orang-utan foundation also provides a space for enjoyment or picnic spot for the visitors so that the visitors can feel fresh while visiting these types of natural places. The researches and the outcome of those researches also attract the visitors very much. People interestingly read and gain knowledge about the Orang-utans. Physical Entities Orang-tan foundation may require various types of physical entities in Australia. These include a large space for Orang-utans to live. This large space should be covered by the boundaries. These boundaries protect the Orang-utans as well as the citizens. There should be an office with all the facilities related to the Orang-utans. Some weapons, not for killing Orang-utans, but only for de-activating there nerves for sometimes for the safety purposes. Ticket counters for the visitors to purchase the tickets. For the research purpose, the organization needs a full research building with all the equipment required to perform research on the Orang-utans. The special cells should be constructed with-in the research building for the Orang-utans on which the research is being performed. Process The process related to the Orang-utan foundation should be very sweet. The booking of tickets can be done by only at the spot. The tickets can be purchased on the spot from the ticket counter of the visiting place. After purchasing the tickets visitors may visit the place but a guard will remain all the time with those visitors to prevent them. While visiting the place, visitors can see the various types of Orang-utans. There will be an auditorium or museum also which will help the visitors to know about the Orang-utans and the research done by the Orang-utan Foundation on the Orang-utans. Finally, after visiting the entire place, visitors should be asked for the feedback and their overall experience in the full process. The feedback process will include the various types of processes like whether there were enough resources for the enjoyment and relaxations etc. Conclusion Being a non-profit organization, Orang-utan Foundation is working very well in preserving the species of Orang-utan. This organization can be interpreted as a social working organization working for Orang-utans worldwide. Currently, there are various factors due to which the population of Orang-utans is decreasing day by day. Orang-utan foundation also helps in finding those problems and provides the solutions for those problems (World Animal Foundation, 2014). Orang-utan foundation is based in Indonesia but providing its services in Australia is running various programmes for preserving the wild life as Australia understands the importance of the wild life balancing in the world. Thus, these programmes also help the wild life tourism to grow in the Australian market as the people of Australia are taking interest in the wild life (Jakarta, 2014). This report found the STP plan for the Orang-utan foundation in Australia. According to this report, the market for the Orang-utan foundation can be segmented into personal, organizational and research segments and basically it will target the children of age group 5 to 15. Australia can be proved a great spot for wild life tourism as the people of Australia have lot of love and affection towards the animals and the programmes by the Australian government and the Orang-utan foundation is attracting the people towards the wildlife tourism. Thus, Australia has a great scope of wild life tourism and Orang-utan foundation may get benefitted from that scope. References Charting Impact (2013). Orang-utan Foundation International [online]. Available at: [Accessed: 20th January 2015]. Orang-utan Foundation (2014). About Orang-utan Foundation [online]. Available at: [Accessed: 20th January 2015]. Marshall, Andrew J. (2005). Orang-utan population biology, life history and conservation [online]. Available at: Buckland, Helen (2012). The oil for ape scandal- How palm oil is threatening the Orang-utan [online]. Available at: Orang-utan Foundation (2012). Orang-utan Foundation International- 2011 Annual Report [online]. Available at: IMAX (2011). Born to be loved, Born to be free [online]. Available at: Fredline, Liz (2007). An analysis of the domestic wildlife tourism Market in Australia [online]. Available at: Sustainable Tourism(2014). Wildlife Tourism, Challenges, oportunites and managing the future [online]. Available at: Newsome, D. (2005). Enhancing the avitourism potential of the Boondals wetlands, Queensland Western Australian Section, STCRC Industry Forum, 1st ed. Perth: Queensland Publishing house Active- Tourism (2011). Ecotourism Statistical Fact Sheet [online]. Available at: The Orang-utan Project(2014). The Orang-utan Project [online]. Available at: Tourism Australia (2013). The Orang-utan Project [online]. Tourism Australia (2014). The Orang-utan Project [online]. Available at: [Accessed: 19th January 2015]. WWF (2013). Adopt an Orang- Utan [online]. Available at: BOS (2014). Bourneo Orang-utan Survival Australia [online]. Available at: Money Control (2014). What is STP [online]. Available at Orang-utan (2012). Orang-utan Foundation International Journey into rain Froest with Dr. Birte Galdikas [online]. Available at: Orang-utan Foundation (2014). Orang-utan Foundation International [online]. Available at: Orang-utan-Legacy-Forest-Brochure-2013.pdf [Accessed: 19th January 2015]. Sharma, Mandeep (2014). Volunteer Tourism and Orang-utan Conservation [online]. Available at: [Accessed: 19th January 2015]. WWF (2006). Orang-utan Fact sheet 6 (12) pp. 2-4 Kotler, P. (2010). Marketing Management 8th ed. London: Pearson Publishing House. Coren, N Gray, T (2012) Commodification of volunteer tourism: a comparative study of volunteer tourists in Vietnam and in Thailand. International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol. 14, pp. 222-234. McGehee, N Clemmons, D (2008), An outgrowth of the 2004 voluntourism think tank a joint effort of Los Ninos Inc. Paper presented at the Educational Travel Conference, George Washington University. Orang-utan Foundation (2014) Orang-utan Foundation Mission Statement, [online] Available at: World Animal Foundation (2014) Orang-utan [online] Available at: [Accessed: 20th January 2015]. Jakarta (2014). Final Report on Orang-utan [online]. Available at: [Accessed: 20th January 2015].

Baby Boomers Essay Research Paper Our children free essay sample

Baby Boomers Essay, Research Paper Our kids are our hereafter ; our seniors are our foundation ( Wissel L. 2000 ) . Fifty five million Americans are age 50 five and older, harmonizing to the United States Census Bureau, of that figure, 30 five million are age 60 five and older. By the twelvemonth 2030, the 60 five and older population will duplicate to seventy million, and the fastest turning section of the older population is age 80 five and older. The babe boomer coevals will shortly make the retirement age, and expected to redefine old age. Merely as they have redefine every phase of their lives because boomers will be the largest coevals of aged, they will impact everything from lodging to wellness attention as the market and society caters to their wealth, length of service, and involvement in new engineering ( Dytchweld K. 1999 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Baby Boomers Essay Research Paper Our children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The babe boomer coevalss besides the first to hold the luxury to analyze personal issues and raise inquiries refering work, wellness attention, engineering, political relations, and societal and moral issues ( USA Today Magazine, November 19, 1999 ) . No other coevals reflects the complex universe we live in today. The babe boomers have left their unerasable grade on America # 8217 ; s societal landscape. The babe boomers created pop civilization and a new signifier of political activism ( Breaux J. November 1999 ) . Education, medical progresss, and engineering afforded more freedom and independency. Soon America will look different ; the mean age of the population will travel up to 55. The babe boomers will hold the benefits and face the challenges of length of service. Can America afford the societal, medical, and political issues the aging babe boomers demand? Will our transit system guarantee more old drivers have safe options? How will our national lodging policy adapt to the senior roar? How about the pension and fiscal programs that allow older Americans to travel in and out of retirement ( Breaux, J. November 1999 ) . The size and distinguishable characters of the babe boomers will non merely make a sense of urgency to c urrent issues, but besides create a whole new set of aging issues. Among the many cultural parts of the babe boomers along with the free love, the drug scenes and Grateful Dead ties, was the construct of coevals spread ( Veith G. ) . In every other civilization and throughout history, kids were socialized to be grownups. When kids grew up they took their parents topographic points, functions and their values. There was no separate subculture, no music and manner to put off the younger coevals from their parents. Children were dressed, for the most portion, like small grownups, but in the mid 20th century, American civilization became stratified along generational lines ( Veith G. ) . The coevals prior to the babe boomers, after World War II, had excess ordinary prosperity and better populating through engineering, may hold spoiled their kids a small. The babe boomer coevals neer concentrated on larning their parent # 8217 ; s accomplishments and subjects, but worked hard on entertaining themselves. This procedure was helped along with non merely te lecasting, but possibly even more significantly wirelesss and record participants, which made possible the mass production and countrywide distribution of music ( Veith G. ) The babe roar coevals has ever been in the limelight reshaping every American establishment. As kids, the public school systems were reinvented to run into their demands. As immature grownups, music and pop civilization was drastically changed by their engagement. As they move towards old age, they will besides redefine and revolutionise the American ripening experience. Baby boomers have reaped the benefits of alteration. They grew up with more instruction and high outlooks, engineering and medical research have blossomed throughout their lives and they have come to anticipate lifestyle betterments in every bend. With their political clout, they will anticipate the authorities, corporate America, the research community and the wellness attention sector to run into their turning demands. Government policies should promote private sector investings in merchandises and services to assist the demands of the aging babe boomers and reflect the diverseness in life style, race and income of the hereafter senior citizens. For the last few decennaries the influential babe boomer section of the population dominated the American civilization virtually in any facet. Television scheduling may non specifically aim babe boomers, but since babe boomers fit into the premier 18 to forty nine twelvemonth old or 20 five to fifty four twelvemonth old demographics that are preferred by most advertizers, the babe boomers are, by default, the biggest portion of many web audiences ( Walther C. 1998 ) . Because the babe boomers capture the king of beasts # 8217 ; s portion of attending from coders and advertizers, programming might alter to pull the demographics. We are now seeing a alteration on today # 8217 ; s overseas telegram scheduling, we now see more overseas telegram web Stationss that cater to go, such as the Travel Network, educational plans like the one # 8217 ; s shown in the Discovery Channel, engineering and information systems like Tech TV and many more. The biggest web that is hiking high following from babe boomers is the Home and Garden Television ( HGTV ) , which profiles people who have undertaken midlife calling or lifestyle alterations ; and holiday life, a plan aiming the more flush and older babe boomer section sing drawn-out holidaies ( Walther C. 1998 ) . Networks will besides utilize on air endowments with # 8220 ; a small grey hair # 8221 ; , utilize older music that is familiar to the boomers, or seek to make or change plans for boomers to fir their life style ( Walther C. 1998 ) . Music pictures are even altering presents, Music Television ( MTV ) still caters to younger viewing audiences, but Video hits One ( VH1 ) has change their focal point. Rather than concentrate on a general audience, they are specifically aiming babe boomers with their shows. They are having creative persons that the babe boomers listened to while turning up. Artists like the Beatles and the Beach Boys merely to call a few. The supermarket of the hereafter will be redesigned ; they will transport more assortments of nutrients and merchandises that will be geared towards the demands of the babe boomer section. Prepared take-out nutrient, more organic fruits and veggies, specially prepared and raised meat merchandises are some of the assortments that we can anticipate to be a chief basic on future food market shop. Servicess such as banking and wash services will besides be provided to consumers to maximise the consumer # 8217 ; s shopping experience. The babe boomers will act upon how our nutrient will be manufactured, the concern on wellness and moral values will coerce the nutrient makers to reshape the manner they prepare and select their ingredients ( Saccomano A. 1999 ) . They have to offer nutrients that will profit wellness or fortified merchandises that contain vitamins and foods. Since the boomers will be the taking border of outlook and penchant, with their demands on quality and convenience, will besides profit all consumers, immature and old. One impact that the boomers might hold on the following coevals is household values. Because the boomers have singularly devoted to their personal demands and wants one effect on that attitude of egoism is the high divorce rate of babe boomers ( Monaldo, F. 2000 ) . The high divorce rates of the babe boomer coevals have deprived their kids parental counsel and love. Unfortunately payback possibly looming. A new survey led by Lilliana Pezzin, a Professor of medical specialty at John Hopkins University, documented what common sense would hold predicted. Children learn from their parents, even the unintended 1s ( Monaldo F.2000 ) . The kids of divorced parents offer far less attention for their ripening parents than other kids whose parents stayed together ; they besides receive far less fiscal aid from their kids. A big figure of babe boomers may happen themselves in a alone old age cared for by establishments and uncomforted familial ties. The coevals that thought largely of themselve s may happen themselves populating on their ain with out any household support ( Monaldo F. 2000 ) American # 8217 ; s longer life span mean that many will go on to put, and they will be passing more money during their retirement old ages. From age 65 to seventy five, they will be passing every bit much money as usual ( Fahey M. 2001 ) . From age 75 to eighty five to eighty five they will be decelerating down and may desire to get down assisting their kids and grandchildren. After age 85 they will be passing more of their money for medicative intents. Investing securities firms, banking establishment and fiscal services will profit from the extract of nest eggs and fiscal planning that they will be involved in. The turning Numberss of babe boomers with medical state of affairss are on the rise. In the article, A Baby Boomer Boom ( Kirchheimer, B. 2001 ) Trent Healthcare Corporation ( A For Profit Hospital ) , during the six month period which ended November 30, 2000, say that volume at the infirmary rose 12 per centum for people aged fifty one to sixty old ages old. They expect that the use of the infirmaries by the aged will increase in even greater Numberss in the old ages to come. With this cognition they plan to concentrate on handling the types of medical jobs they are most likely to see: cardiology, gynaecology, orthopaedicss, oncology and neurology. Other Fieldss of health care will be in optometry and audiometry. As people grow older, eyesight and hearing are normally the two senses that will deteriorate before the organic structure gives manner. Pharmaceuticals, and drug shop ironss will be affected greatly by the outgrowth of the babe boomer into the retirement age. The young person obsessed babe boomers will desire to keep a vernal visual aspect, long life rhythms of anti-aging picks, hair colour interventions, nutritionary addendums, and a host of future merchandises that can assure to do people look and experience younger. Retirement communities will be turning enormously, for those who are physically and mentally independent. There are more people now that are into physical fittingness these yearss, as a consequence future seniors will be more healthy and capable on caring and supplying for themselves. They will hold future demands for recreational activities, so concerns that cater to different types of physical activities and leisure for the ripening will make really good. There is a downside to this. After age sixty-six, the likeliness of a individual developing Alzheimer’s Disease doubles about every five old ages ( Dytchwald, K. Dec. 18. 2000 ) . Unless a remedy is found in our life-time, it is estimated that the disease will strike 14 million babe boomers by the center of this century, up from four million today. Dytchwald besides notes that the continuance of the disease, which presently averages 8th to ten old ages before decease will go on to be prolonged to fifteen to twenty more old ages or more. One of the first support groups concerns will be interested in are the kids of the retiring people. Most retired persons will non desire to or can non afford to populate in a retirement place, particularly with the addition of aged maltreatment in retirement places that are ever featured on the intelligence media. The kids of retired persons will non desire to put their loved 1s in such installations, therefore concerns should look for ways to assist or alter the state of affairss to do the kids of the aging population to experience more at easiness on puting their loved 1s in retirement installations. In place attention for those who are handicapped and populating with their loved 1s, will be something that the household will necessitate so that their normal life activities, will non be affected with the load of an incapable aged remaining in their place. The demand for more nurses and physicians for in-home and hospital attention will be greatly in demand, for there will be many more people in the hereafter because of the inflow of the aging boomers, that will necessitate specializers to care for them. There will besides be demands for more wellness attention installations such as nursing places, infirmaries and retirement places for those who are ill and do non hold the support of their households to care for them. Healthcare insurance is another concern that will gain greatly as the boomers enter the retirement phase of their lives. There will be a great demand for medical specialties, most, of which will far transcend the income of the aged. Peoples will be looking for the best and cheapest manner of make fulling prescriptions, doing them shop smarter for insurance bearers doing these companies to vie and give better aid to the consumers. Private transit companies are another concern section that will be positively influenced by the demand of the aged for mobility. We have seen recent studies on Television on the jobs of the aged drive and commanding their vehicles. At a certain age people lose their ability to run motor vehicles, and people are still diffident of public transit particularly topographic points like Southern California where people are dependent on driving around by themselves. Once driver # 8217 ; s licence are taken off from the aged do non intend that they will lock themselves up into isolation. There will be a great demand for alternate transit for the one # 8217 ; s that need mobility and do non desire to be dependent on other people to acquire them to topographic points that they need to travel, like medical installations, recreational installations and food market shops. Homosexuals and sapphic babe boomers are another group that specialized concerns will provide to. The demand for lodging communities, societal organisation installations and tonss more will be lifting because the homosexual and sapphic communities will mean to contrive their ain manner of retirement, one that celebrates being portion of a like-minded community ( Rosenberg, D. Jan. 15, 2001 ) One alteration that the babe boomer population has changed is the manner they do and cover with political relations. The babe boomers will be really influential in the political sphere, alterations that they have demanded are more directed to jobs of the population as a whole. The babe boomers have brought together all races to the bargaining tabular array. Recognizing the past coevals # 8217 ; s misdirection and damaging incompetency, the babe boomers are now exerting their ain opinion to repair the thought and past patterns of the pervious coevals in political relations. Baby boomers no longer believe in follow the leader, they will oppugn whatever they think is incorrect or they will necessitate accounts and justifications on issues that will impact them. The boomer coevals has enacted Torahs sing favoritism in the work force, child care and safety Torahs, environmental issues, merely to advert a few. Baby boomers know that in order to hold a strong and united state, we must larn to alter our thought, attitudes and behaviour on diverseness. This attitude of the babe boomers will be an illustration for the coevalss to come, who in bend can do any type of bias a thing of the yesteryear. To truly demo the attitudes and places of the babe boomer coevals, an article from the Suburban Baby boomers Take on City Hall from Macomb Township to Westland ( Detroit News Oct. 10, 2000 ) showed their activism in political relations. They are voicing out their sentiments and experiencing to the metropolis hall politicians about their discontent on the manner things are enacted on their metropolis. The article besides claims that the babe boomers have been awakened and are despairing for alteration on issues like environment and authorities, it says that the babe boomers are now in the driver # 8217 ; s place and they will do alterations harmonizing to their demands. ( Celente G. ) . Baby boomers are taking control of their lives. They will be altering political relations for the good of everyone else. Changes in universe trade, globalisation, societal security, Medicare and human rights will be enacted as they take control of the vote bulk. The babe boomer coevals is acquiring old and wiser, alterations in policies toward wellness attention and other needed reforms will be expected to conform to their retirement demands. They grew up independent and would wish to remain that manner and non depend on the following coevals for their retirement demands. To lucubrate more on the topic of wellness attention concerns of the babe boomers, an article written by Amy Turnbull, ( Morning Star November 15, 1999 ) Quoted Mr. Patrick Brady, who is the executive manager of Citizens for Long Term Care ( CLTR ) , a non partizan Washington D.C. based non-profit-making organisation that wants to raise consciousness of jobs in the long term attention system. He talked about jobs that can be exacerbated as babe boomers age. Mr. Brady told occupants and others at the Manorhouse that in 30 one old ages, more than twenty per centum of the population will be 60 five or older and the cost of long term attention will be astronomical. By 2030, unless important alterations are made in America # 8217 ; s entitlement plans, societal security disbursement, Medicare and federal civilian and military pensions, disbursement will transcend the authorities # 8217 ; s grosss. In decision, The babe boomer coevals will be the largest retiring population that our society will see. They will impact determinations that in bend will be the footing on how society will populate in the close hereafter. Because of their political clout and voting power the babe boomers will fundamentally make up ones mind the hereafter of the state, how society will see beliefs, how Torahs will be enacted and make more Torahs that will be made for the demands of the retiring babe boomers. Because of their wealth and length of service, many concerns will provide to their demands, alterations on nutrient fabrication will be affected for the better, and we will see more alimentary nutrient and many more installations offering convenience. The medical Fieldss will be impacted the most by the retiring babe boomers, the demand for more installations, better services and attention, and effectual prescription drugs will be in high demand in the close hereafter. Future callings of people wi ll besides be impacted by their retirement ; people will acquire occupations that are related to straight or indirectly to the demands of the retiring babe boomers. Research and engineering will besides profit from their retirement ; their usual demands for better things will foretell what new ways people will be making or doing in the close hereafter. Everyone should be made cognizant of the effects of the retiring babe boomers. There will be tonss of technological progresss and exciting alterations that will go on, but there are besides issues that the state as a whole should get down thought and happening ways to work out right now, issues like societal security benefits, Medicare, aging society issues, medical attention and many more. Confronting issues at an early phase will non merely profit the retiring population, but the state as a whole. The close hereafter can be an exciting topographic point to be the benefits that the aging babe boomers will demand can besides do everyo ne # 8217 ; s life better. They will impact all facets of life ; political relations, concerns and societal life will alter to conform to the aging babe boomers # 8217 ; demands. So acquire ready, The babe boomers are coming. Mentions Walther, C. October 12, 1998. Cable News Network Play to Baby Boomers. Multi Channel News Lucas, F. July 17, 1999. Food Market of Future Affluent Boomer # 8217 ; s Influence Grows. Washington Times, Business Section Monaldo, F. March 21, 2000. What Goes About Comes Around. [ Online ] Available. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.suite101.com/aricle.cfm/392/35287 Breaux, J. November 9, 1999. The Baby Boomers Are Coming. [ Online ] Available. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.senate.gov/breaux/columns/991108a.html Dytchwald, K. September18-5, 1999. How the twenty-first Century will be Ruled by the New Old. Chicago, Putnam Thatcher. USA Today Magazine. November 1999. Aging Baby Boomers May Help Decelerate Down Society. [ Online ] Available. hypertext transfer protocol: //findarticles.com/cf_0/m1272/2654/jhtml Fahey, M. January 29, 2001. ( Almost ) Ready to Retire. Insight on the intelligence ; Washington Kirchheimer, B. January 15, 2001. A Baby Boomer Boom. Modern Healthcare ; Chicago Griffin, M. December 18, 2000. Gear Up for the Coming Aging Wave. Drug Store News ; New York Rosenberg, D. January 15, 2001. A Topographic point of Their ain. Newsweek Magazine ; New York Hoagland J. November 5, 2000. Baby Boomers Politics. The Washington Post ; Washington D.C. Kurth, J. October 10, 2000. Suburban Baby boomers Take on the City Hall From Macomb Township to Westland. They are acquiring into political relations. Detroit News. Detroit, Michigan. Saccomano A. October 18, 1999. Finical Eaters. [ Online ] Available. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.findarticles.com/cf/_0m0voo/3/article.jhtml Turnbull, A. November 15, 1999. Tar Heel Politics. Morning Star News. Wilmington, NC

Analysis Of The Holocaust Essays - Nazi Germany, Anti-communism

Analysis Of The Holocaust Essays - Nazi Germany, Anti-communism Analysis of the Holocaust Of all the examples of injustice against humanity in history, the Jewish Holocaust has to be one of the most prominent. In the period of 1933 to 1945, the Nazis waged a vicious war against Jews and other "lesser races". This war came to a head with the "Final Solution" in 1938. One of the end results of the Final Solution was the horrible concentration and death camps of Germany, Poland, and other parts of Nazi-controlled Europe. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, people around the world were shocked by final tallies of human losses, and the people responsible were punished for their inhuman acts. The Holocaust was a dark time in the history of the 20th century. One can trace the beginnings of the Holocaust as far back as 1933, when the Nazi party of Germany, lead by Adolf Hitler, came to power. Hitler's anti-Jew campaign began soon afterward, with the "Nuremberg Laws", which defined the meaning of being Jewish based on ancestry. These laws also forced segregation between Jews and the rest of the public. It was only a dim indication of what the future held for European Jews. Anti-Jewish aggression continued for years after the passing of the Nuremberg Laws. One of these was the "Aryanization" of Jewish property and business. Jews were progressively forced out of the economy of Germany, their assets turned over to the government and the German public. Other forms of degradation were pogroms, or organized demonstrations against Jews. The first, and most infamous, of these pogroms was Krystallnacht, or "The night of broken glass". This pogrom was prompted by the assassination of Ernst von Rath, a German diplomat, by Herschel Grymozpan in Paris on November 7th, 1938. Two days later, an act of retaliation was organized by Joseph Gobbels to attack Jews in Germany. On the nights of November 9th and 10th, over 7,000 Jewish businesses were destroyed, 175 synagogues demolished, nearly 100 Jews had been killed, and thousands more had been injured, all for the assassination of one official by a Jew ("Holocaust, the." Microsoft Encarta 96). In many ways, this was the first major act of violence to Jews made by the Nazis. Their intentions were now clear. The Nazi's plans for the Jews of Europe were outlined in the "Final Solution to the Jewish question" in 1938. In a meeting of some of Hitler's top officials, the idea of the complete annihilation of Jews in Europe was hatched. By the time the meeting was over, the Final Solution had been created. The plans included in the Final Solution included the deportation, exploitation, and eventual extermination of European Jews. In September 1939, Germany invaded western Poland. Most, if not all Jews in German-occupied lands were rounded up and taken to ghettos or concentration camps. The ghettos were located inside cities, and were a sort of city/prison to segregate Jews from the rest of the public. Conditions in the ghettos included overcrowding, lack of food, and lack of sanitation, as well as brutality by Nazi guards. Quality of life in a ghetto was probably not much above that in a concentration camp. In June 1941, Germany continued it's invasion of Europe by attacking and capturing some of the western U.S.S.R. By this time, most of the Jews in Europe now lived in lands controlled by Nazi Germany. The SS deployed 3000 death squads, or "Einstagruppen", to dispatch Jews in large numbers ("Holocaust, the." Microsoft Encarta 1996). In September 1941, all Jews were forced to wear yellow Stars of David on their arms or coats. A Jew could be killed with little repercussions for not displaying the Star of David in public. Some of the first Jewish resiezce to the Final Solution came in 1943, when the process of deportation to concentration and death camps was in full swing. The Warsaw ghetto in Poland, once numbering over 365,000, had been reduced to only 65,000 by the continuing removal of Jews to camps in other lands ("Holocaust, the." Microsoft Encarta 1996). When the Nazis came to round up the remaining inhabitants of the ghetto, they were met with resiezce from the small force of armed Jews. The revolt lasted for almost three weeks

The Gulf War from the American perspective Essay

The Gulf War from the American perspective - Essay Example In any case, once thing is clear; the publicly stated reasons of Iraq war were not digestible to many people. This paper analyses Gulf War from American perspectives. George Bush thought that Gulf War may help him to win the presidential election once again. He thought that this war might help him and his party (Republicans) to increase the popularity and hence he may get an easy walkover in the coming presidential election. However, Bill Clinton proved that such beliefs were wrong. â€Å"Clinton successfully made the economy the issue in the next election and managed to win it†1. â€Å"For years Saddam received US support while committing atrocities. His was not the only government committing atrocities. His atrocities were never publicly discussed until he invaded Kuwait†2. The invasion of Kuwait brought Saddam Hussein into the public lime light. It was difficult for America to justify Saddam further. It should be noted that democracy is prevailing in America and Amer ica believes themselves as the saviour of human rights. Under such circumstances, it was impossible for America to stay blind while Iraq was questioning the sovereignty of an independent country. Moreover, many Americans thought that Saddam is trying to become another Hitler. Increased influence of Saddam in the Middle East was not good for the American interests. â€Å"Saddam was repeatedly compared to Hitler. Then he was publicly defied and demeaned. The president said he has "had it" with "Sad'm" Hussein. Under U. S. leadership, the world was mobilized against him†3. America suspected the possibility of another world war unless they prevent Saddam from conquering neighbouring countries. It should be noted that the military power of other gulf countries were negligible in front of Iraq’s military power at that time. In short, many people believe that America attacked Iraq to save the world from the possibility of another world war. Another argument claims that Americ a attacked Iraq to control the oil resources. However, this argument seems to be far from reality since America’s oil imports from Iraq account only 5% of the total energy needs in America. There are plenty of other countries in this world which rely heavily on Iraqi oil resources for their energy needs. â€Å"So oil is not the whole answer. Other possible aspects of the answer include "a new world order," collective security, interdependence, prevention of regional hegemony, and reversal of American decline†4. Even though Iraqi oil does not cause much direct problems to America, it has the potential to cause indirect economic problems in America. If Saddam Hussein had raised oil prices to $27 a barrel, the increase in our import bill would have been about $20 billion a year, or less than one half of one percent of GNP. The greater harm comes when sudden rises depress the economy, but this effect is harder to estimate. Some economists believe that a temporary oil price of $40 a barrel, for example, helped to trigger the recession, which represented a loss of several percent of GNP5. â€Å"U.S. policy toward the Middle East is characterized by an intention to ultimately control the oil there, and keep other powers--not just the Soviet Union, but also Britain and France--away, if not dependent on the United States6. It is a fact that oil resources in America are rapidly exhausting even though the demand for oil increases. The oil needs or the energy

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Case analysis - Essay Example Thus, Yurukova has a responsibility to come up with a brilliant strategy that can be implemented in order to improve the fundraising process. At the moment, Trinity University mainly relied on using telefundraising channels. This is a marketing approach that uses telephone to reach different people in different parts of the country. The targeted people are mainly graduates from Trinity University. Mariya is contemplating segmenting the targeted donors by using different strategies in order to make generate as much money as possible. One of the segmentation methods is to target the people by either alumni or by graduation year. The other strategy used to segment the targeted people is by using their faculties. It has also been envisaged that the targeted people can also be segmented on the basis of extracurricular activity as well as Trinity University involvement. The other marketing strategy used is direct marketing and this involves face to face interaction with the targeted people. The marketing mix approach (price, place, product and promotion) of the university involves different strategies. The price for conducting clients using direct mail is pegged at $0.88 while the price of doing the same using telefundraising is estimated to be $5.60. The product involves donations made by the targeted people to the university. The place for this activity is centralised since it is coordinated from the institution while targeting people from different places across the country. As part of its promotion strategy, the university is also contemplating to use direct mailing strategy where direct mails are sent to the people found in the institution’s database. The other promotion strategies include online giving and telefundraising. The real issue is finding and training quality telefundraisers. At the moment, the university is relying on a single individual alone. This initiative requires the the efforts of many

Creative Marketing and Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Creative Marketing and Critical Thinking - Essay Example Combination of all these elements will give the best results in marketing processes. Wireless advertising offers potential to target markets; creativity stimulates creating new ideas and ideologies; broadband technologies allow marketing experts to deliver large amounts of data and make this process even faster and simpler. Due to creative thinking wireless advertising gives the opportunity to implement online newsletters, virtual storefronts, interactive brochures, and web(Frame 2003). Marketing process is sometimes called as "getting stuck". People need fresh and effective marketing ideas in order to promote new products and services. But very often person's mind is failing back to old ideas. People are tired of them, because they want and need new marketing approach that will be exciting and full of surprise, vividness and life. (Nunley 2004) And marketing expert resort to the help of critical thinking and creativity in order to give people what they want and really need(Smith 2004). For example, if to ask people to determine the main driving force of advertising, they will most likely tell that it is creativity. Creativity is very important, but it is one of the three legs upon which successful marketing is standing. The four legs are: If to ask the same peo... Creativity is very important, but it is one of the three legs upon which successful marketing is standing. The four legs are: Message Medium Creativity(Hercky 2005) If to ask the same people to define creativity, they will most likely tell that it is something "of which they themselves would not have thought". It is a matter of fact that creativity and creative thinking are the vital components of marketing strategy and planning. They help expert to develop new approaches to attract new customers and to retain the power on the old ones. Marketing has to be creative in its thinking and deliver whether in creating unique promotional plan, finding technical solution to existing problem, designing new web site or devising a differentiating channel distribution model. Hercky (2005) admitted that every marketing expert can be creative if the environment is right and favorable. Marketing has to build on such environment where marketing creativity and creative thinking will flourish, "manage that creativity, and still deliver on budget and on time". Creative thinking helps marketing experts to understand how different people work, how to have creative fun during working process and how to make everybody perform at their creative peak. It is important to deliver a real boom to the organization or company(Hercky 2005). There is a question: are creativity and creative thinking innate talents reserved only for selected ones or they can be learned like, for example, riding a monocycle or juggling But before answering this question it is necessary to define creativity in marketing and advertising. Creativity in marketing differs significantly from creativity in arts. Hercky (2005) defines creativity in marketing as "the melding

The Maintainability of the Current Financial Market

The Maintainability of the Current Financial Market Introduction To argue that we are not currently in the midst of a global financial crisis is simply on maintainable, given the saturation that the issue has had in the mainstream media. There is no secret that there is a global liquidity shortage in the financial sector, mortgage assets declining in value and subsequently limiting the ability of financial institutions service their lending and interest payment requirements to investors. As a result many governments have taken proactive measures to increase liquidity in the financial sector and stave off inflation and other negative factors. It is the purpose of this paper to critically analyse the current financial crisis, in conjunction with the sub-prime mortgage issue which rose to prominence in late 2007. In light of the current economic climate this paper will discuss whether implementing a financial safety net will serve to address the pressures that are being placed on financial institutions in terms of their liquid assets and overall econ omic viability. It will also present the main ingredients of a sound financial safety net, and it is important to note that all of these factors must generally be present in order for a financial safety net to function effectively in correcting the economic imbalance which the global economy is currently experiencing. The Current Financial Climate The financial situation at present around the world is not one of economic prosperity and stability. In the last 12 months the world has had to resist the financial crisis of 2007-2008 sparked by the pressures placed on financial institutions as a result of the sub-prime mortgage crisis. Most recently, beginning in September 2008, is a global financial and liquidity crisis which has led to a number of American and European banks collapsing due to insufficient liquid assets to service its obligations to its customers. Essentially the most recent crisis began with the United States government takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which were to government-sponsored enterprises servicing the United States home loan industry. This, among other factors, consequently sparked a rapid decline in the value of global stock market indexes and currency indicators, such as the Dow Jones (United States), FTSE 500 (United Kingdom) and the ASX 200 (Australia) to name a few. This saw a rapid decline in the value of assets held by mortgage related entities, leaving them with significantly less equity and liquidity to service their lending and interest payment obligations. Response to the crisis the central banks of many countries took measures to inject capital into the cash flow of the financial services industry. For example, the reserve bank of Australia injected AU$1.5 billion (approximately 3 times more than the estimated need), Indias Reserve Bank pumped in approximately US$1.32 billion and the Reserve Bank of China provided a stimulus package of approximately 4 trillion yuan (US$585 billion).[1] In the United States the Emergency Economic Stabilisation Act of 2008 was passed by Congress and gave the Bush administration the authority to purchase up to US$700 billion of unserviceable mortgage assets in an attempt to maximise liquidity.[2] In the United Kingdom, on 8 October 2008, UK government announced a  £500 billion rescue package. All these measures were in an attempt to increase liquidity in the financial services industry, and were often accompanied by reductions in the national cash interest rates as determined by the central banks. In light of the fragility of the current global economic situation, is important to consider the effect of the financial services industry safety net as a mechanism of consumer protection. As this paper will uncover in forthcoming chapters, the safety net often comprises a number of key elements in order to maximise its scope of application and effect. A number of jurisdictions have sought to implement deposit guarantees and similar protection schemes, and the effectiveness and risks associated with these schemes will be discussed more thoroughly in due course. However it is important to note in passing that the current economic crisis plays a significant role in the ability of a financial safety net to function effectively, due to the extraneous pressures which are placed on the economic system as a result of a shortage of liquidity in the global financial industry. This affects every global financial institution from major banks right down to small time debenture businesses. An Overview of the Financial Sector Safety Net It is difficult to confine the financial sector safety net into one concise and succinct definition. Rather one must consider the safety net in light of its many factors. As the World Bank itself points out, are significant difficulties experienced with implementing a safety net, which are appropriately defined in the following passage: Bank safety nets are difficult to design and administer, because they have the conflicting objectives of protecting bank customers and reducing banks incentives to engage in risky activities. In several countries including the U.S., the financial safety net, structured to reduce the vulnerability of the financial system, appears to have had quite the opposite result. Indeed, Kane (1989) identifies the U.S. financial safety net, and notably fixed-rate deposit insurance and belated bank closures, as the single most important factor in explaining the catastrophic Savings and Loan crisis of the 1980s. Similarly, Demirguc-Kunt and Detragiache (1998) find international evidence that the existence of an explicit deposit insurance scheme has contributed to banking system fragility. To restrain bank risk taking, financial safety nets generally rely on two mechanisms: (i) market discipline, and (ii) bank regulation. Bank creditors can exert market discipline by withdrawing their funds, or demanding higher interest rates from riskier banks. In case of publicly traded banks, equity holders can also effect discipline.[3] The above passage demonstrates that safety nets are not effective on their own; rather they require cooperation between all the different classes of parties involved in the financial industry in order to maintain a healthy financial market. However implementing a safety net is not without its risks and, as the above passage indicates, sometimes the mechanisms employed by a safety net programme of them contribute to the fragility of the financial system is not implemented properly and in consideration of the context in which they are to apply. In light of the above this brief has presented a basic overview of the rationale of the safety net in the financial industry and the aims it sets out to achieve. This brief will now go on to explore the fundamental elements of a safety net system, as it is important to consider the effect of each of these individual mechanisms in appropriate detail in order to draw an appropriate conclusion as to whether or not consideration should be given to a safety net scheme to be implemented in a broad manner across global jurisdictions in light of the current financial crisis. Elements of the Safety Net Frameworks for Liquidity Support For most banks and financial institutions the need to maintain a certain amount of rigid liquidity to service lending and interest payment obligations is essential to ensure the long-term viability of the institution, and also to ensure that the bank or institution can continue providing a service to its customers and therefore generate further revenue. Most of these institutions have certain cash reserves available to meet these obligations in the event that the institution becomes temporarily illiquid, however it is important to consider the strength of these measures given the current economic climate and also whether other measures exist in the event that the liquidity reserves of the institution are unable to service its obligations to its customers. Therefore it is important to distinguish between the liquidity reserves which are available to financial institutions during normal operating times and those which are to be relied upon in a time of crisis, and there is a need for a financial institution to consider the efficiency of both of these measures. A common form of day today liquidity reserves banks rely upon is the lender of last resort (LOLR) function, where central banks in most developed jurisdictions around the world have the authority to provide credit support in the event of a bank becoming temporarily illiquid, however still remaining solvent.[4] LOLR actions do not guarantee against banks from failing, but rather serve to protect liquidity shortages in flowing from one bank to another. As the World Bank puts it: This kind of support can provide an important buffer against temporary disturbances in financial markets. LOLR actions may help to prevent liquidity shortage in one bank from being transmitted to other financial institutions, for example, through the payment system. LOLR actions are not intended to prevent bank failures but, rather, to prevent spillovers associated with liquidity shortages particularly in money and interbank markets from interrupting the normal intermediation function of financial institutions and markets.[5] Therefore the purpose of LOLR is to ensure the overall integrity of the financial market, through containing any liquidity shortages to one bank and attempting to prevent it from reaching other institutions. In a time of crisis a financial institution may need to seek liquidity resources from the central bank over and above those that would normally be available to them for day-to-day activities. These emergency lending procedures need to be considered in the strongest possible manner, and the International Monetary Fund has outlined a number of guidelines which should be taken into account in this regard: resources should be made available only to banks that are considered solvent but are coping with liquidity problems that might endanger the entire system (e.g. ‘too big to fail’ cases); lending should take place speedily; lending should be short-term; even then, it should be provided conservatively because of the situation of the bank might deteriorate quickly; lending should not take place at subsidised rates, but the rate should also not be penal because it might then deteriorate the banks position; the loan should be fully collateralised, and collateral should be valued conservatively. However, at times of severe crisis, it might be necessary for the central bank to relax this criterion or to organise a government guarantees or to arrange government credit, even if the loan is executed from the central banks balance sheet; Central bank supervisory authorities and the Ministry of Finance should be in close contact and should monitor the situation of the bank; supervisory sanctions or remedial actions should be attached to the emergency lending.[6] Therefore it is important to the above factors in emergency lending in order to ensure that the overall integrity of the financial system is not placed under threat through a central bank advancing credit to an illiquid financial institution. Deposit Insurance or Guarantees It is one of the simple principles of banking that, in order for a financial institution to profit from lending products, it must have the liquidity resources to advance to the borrowers. These generally come from term deposits, everyday accounts and other consumer-based banking products, not to mention larger institutional banking deposits. In order for these customers to be able to bank with confidence with a particular institution, it may be necessary for the government to introduce a type of deposit insurance which serves to protect the deposits of customers in the event of a failed investment by the bank. It could be argued that by having all deposits protected by a deposit insurance scheme, a financial institution is effectively promoting excessive risk-taking given that the particular customer may feel they have nothing to lose and all to gain by allowing the customer to gamble with what is essentially free money. Therefore it is important to consider whether large deposits sh ould be protected by such a scheme as, in the event of a payout being required, the deposit insurance scheme may be unable to meet its obligations in a timely and efficient manner, which is said to be a key requirement in order for such a scheme to function effectively.[7] A fine balance therefore needs to be struck between protecting the interests of customers while also ensuring that the deposit insurance scheme is in a position to meet its obligations in the event that it is called upon, and it would therefore need to be well funded. Investor and/or Policyholder Protection Schemes Another key element of an appropriate financial sector safety net is the need for customers who engage in investing through that institution to be afforded some sort of insurance protection, which would otherwise be unavailable under a deposit protection scheme. These schemes would be limited in their application, as they would generally exclude losses arising from a customers poor investment decision-making in the like unless a causal link can be established between the decision and advice obtained from the financial institution in question. The World Bank and International Monetary Fund fully describe the function of such a scheme: Investor compensation schemes generally cover customer accounts in which a range of investment activities defined in the respective licensing laws and broader regulatory regimes take place. Compensation schemes generally do not cover losses on the part of the investor as a result of poor investment advice or management by member firms, although in some schemes, compensation may be available where a causal relationship is established between the poor investment advice or management and the inability of the firm to meet claims by clients. In most jurisdictions, the compensation scheme is statutory in nature†¦[8] therefore a member institution cannot simply wash its hands purveying financial loss sustained by a customer who invest through the institution, unless it can be proven that the poor decision made by the investor was not induced (either whole or in part) by the institution itself. An investor should be afforded some protection in relation to investment, but should still be in a position to accept liability should they not heed appropriate financial advice. Crisis Management The final appropriate element of an effective financial sector safety net is the building of both an institution and the responsible government to manage a crisis if and when it occurs. For example, high-profile policy committees and consultants should be in place to establish the framework mentioned in the preceding three chapters of this paper, and to ensure that it is implemented in such a way that is effective in that institutions particular context. Financial institutions also need to ensure they have the appropriate resources, both financial and in personnel, to address is particularly important area of policy especially given the current financial climate and the strange places on banks to provide some form of protection to its customers while also attempting to remain prosperous and loyal to its shareholders. The International Experience The financial sector safety net has been met with mixed reviews in various jurisdictions around the world in response to the current economic crisis. This is due to the fact that central banks and governments have encountered a number of problems when seeking to implement features of the financial sector safety net. For example the United States, given the current Wall Street crisis, and sought to implement a safety net measure, however Reserve Bank Chairman Alan Greenspan has stated: The safety net, along with our improved understanding of how to use monetary and fiscal policies, has played a critical role in this country in eliminating bank runs, in assuaging financial crises, and arguably in reducing the number and amplitude of economic contractions in the past sixty years. Deposit insurance, the discount window, and access to Fedwire and daylight overdrafts provide depository institutions and financial market participants with safety, liquidity, and solvency unheard of in previous years. These benefits, however, have come with a cost: distortions in the price signals that are used to allocate resources, induced excessive risk-taking, and, to limit the resultant moral hazard, greater government supervision and regulation. Clearly, the latter carries with it attendant inefficiencies and limits on innovation.[9] Mr Greenspan has eloquently highlighted one of the key deficiencies with the financial safety net, particularly in relation to government and regulatory supervision of banks during its operation. By increasing government supervision on the financial sector, it severely limits the ability for banks to become innovators in their field and seek to implement new ideas to better service the industry. By implementing rigid supervisory guidelines, the government would be forcing financial institutions to conform to set principles which would effectively make all institutions the same, and limit the ability of these institutions to be granted the autonomy required to be innovative in this industry. Therefore one needs to consider whether the benefits of the financial safety net outweigh the costs associated with it. Mr Greenspan also highlights the increase in costs the taxpayer in the event of the safety net taking effect: The usual suggested premiums for deposit insurance are, of course, far from those that would fully eliminate the subsidy that insurance provides to depository institutions and their borrowers and depositors, especially at times of financial crisis. Indeed, to eliminate the subsidy in deposit insurance, the FDIC insurance premium would have to be set high enough to cover the extreme-loss tail of the distribution of possible outcomes and thus the perceived costs of systemic risk. Since so high a rate appears politically infeasible, the subsidy in deposit insurance cannot be fully eliminated. Moreover, no private insurer will be able to match the actual FDIC premium and cover its risk from the extreme-loss tail. Obviously, if premiums were fully priced, the level of insured deposits would be significantly lower.[10] The above passage demonstrates that it is difficult to lower the deposit insurance premiums associated with a safety net programme, while also ensuring that the deposit insurance fund is still adequately funded to meet its obligations in the event is called upon. By lowering deposit insurance premiums, a financial institution would place a significant strain on itself to be able to cover potential loss associated with the extreme-loss tail which Mr Greenspan discusses and recognises as a serious threat. American newspapers have also highlighted the risks associated with deposit insurance: It has long been known that this feature of the safety net induces moral hazard. Because of the reality and perception that bank deposits are fully protected, banks are willing to engage in riskier activities, insured depositors are less willing and able to monitor the activities of banks, and creditors are less sensitive to the risks incurred by banks. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a system that appropriately prices this insurance and the risks associated with providing it.[11] I fully protecting deposits, the government is inviting banks to be far less accountable for losses incurred as a result of mismanagement of depositors and investors funds, and therefore the deposit insurance scheme needs to be appropriately justified and risk assess for can have any significant practical effect in granting customers peace of mind that there investments are protected, given the current fragile economic climate. Other countries such as Australia have moved to guarantee bank deposits in light of the current financial situation around the globe. Particularly, the Australian government has guaranteed deposits up to an amount of $20,000,[12] despite previously stating that moves by other foreign governments to guarantee deposits were uncoordinated.[13] Interestingly, it has been said that the legal and regulatory framework in place in Serbia and Montenegro sufficient to encourage a deposit protection insurance scheme which would serve to appropriately protect banking customers and the financial industry therein.[14] therefore the results encountered the international arena in relation to the financial safety net are mixed, with some systems acknowledging that certain reforms need to occur before the safety net will function effectively, and others seeking to implement the safety net within their jurisdiction. Conclusion In conclusion, and in consideration of the discussions throughout this brief, would be appropriate to conclude that a financial safety net scheme may be appropriate in certain circumstances in order to provide banking customers with peace of mind in relation to their investments. However it is important to note that a safety net scheme does not bring with it guaranteed success, and one must consider the risks associated with implementing such a scheme and their possible contribution to the dire financial situation which is currently being experienced throughout the world. While the rationale of the safety net may have good intentions, it is clear that deposit guarantees and poor crisis management can have adverse effects on the financial market and therefore affect consumers in a negative way when the intentions are all positive. The international experience with financial safety nets is inconclusive. It is primarily due to the fact that underlying financial pressures in particular jurisdictions can have adverse effects on the effectiveness of the financial safety net, and make it difficult for the safety net to be effective in correcting these imbalances. In the case of the United States cost of deposit and investment insurance is simply too high to justify, whereas in say Australia or Japan the benefit outweighs the cost based on sound financial infrastructure and crisis management techniques. Therefore it is significantly easier to implement a safety net system in these jurisdictions, given the sturdy financial history of the Asian markets. The United States present difficult challenge, with the major financial institutions having capital tied up in high risk investment portfolios, such as what was experienced with the sub-prime mortgage crisis beginning in mid-to late 2007. In short, the question must be asked whether a safety net would increase the liquidity resources of financial institutions, which is universally accepted to be the significant cause of the current financial crisis. The short answer is yes, given that deposit and investment insurance should effectively encourage customers to invest with a particular bank given that their money is effectively insured for a certain amount. However this insurance policy is not worth the paper its written on the insurance fund does not itself have the liquidity service obligations should be called upon to do so. This is a problematic situation, and cannot be effectively answered in a simple form. Only time will tell whether the financial crisis eases as a result of governments purchasing bad mortgage debts from financial institutions, and whether the liquidity shortage ends as a result. Bibliography Arner, D.W., Financial Stability, Economic Growth and the Role of Law (2007), London: Cambridge Australian Broadcasting Corporation, ‘Government considers upping bank deposit safety net’ (2008) http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/10/12/2388583.htm> at 14 December 2008 Australian Broadcasting Corporation, ‘No need for Government guarantee on bank deposits: Rudd’ (2008) http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/10/10/2387244.htm> at 14 December 2008 Demirguc-Kunt, A., and Detragiache, E., ‘The determinants of banking crises in developed and developing countries’ (1998), IMF Staff Papers 45, 81-109 Demirguc-Kunt, A., and Huizinga, H., ‘Market Discipline and Financial Safety Net Design’ (1999), World Bank Policy Research Paper WPS2183 Gerda, O., Brewer III, E., and Evanoff, D.D., ‘The Financial Safety Net: costs, benefits and implications’ (2001) The Chicago Fed Letter http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3631/is_200111/ai_n8986952> at 14 December 2008 Greenspan, A., Former Federal Reserve Chairman, ‘Speech – The Financial Safety Net’, 10 May 2001, http://www.federalreserve.gov/Boarddocs/Speeches/2001/20010510/default.htm> at 14 December 2008 Herzsenhorn, D.M., ‘Administration is seeking $700 billion for Wall Street’ (2008), New York Times, 20 September 2008 IMF – Monetary and Financial System Department, Operational Paper OP/00/01, Emergency Liquidity Support Facilities Kane, E.J., The SL Insurance Mess: How Did it Happen? (1987), Lanham, MD: University Press of America Marinkovic, S.T., ‘Designing an Incentive-Compatible Safety Net in a Financial System in Transition: The Case of Serbia’ (2004), Centre for the Study of Global Governance, Discussion Paper 35, http://se1.isn.ch/serviceengine/FileContent?serviceID=ISNfileid=07ECE3C0-79BF-BEF2-62FF-A5CF5F97D730lng=en> at 14 December 2008 Reuters, ‘Asian central banks spend billions to prevent crash’ (2008), International Herald Tribune, 16 September 2008 World Bank and International Monetary Fund, Financial Sector Assessment: A Handbook (2005) Footnotes [1] Reuters, ‘Asian central banks spend billions to prevent crash’ (2008), International Herald Tribune, 16 September 2008. [2] David M. Herzsenhorn, ‘Administration is seeking $700 billion for Wall Street’ (2008), New York Times, 20 September 2008. [3] Asl Demirguc-Kunt and Harry Huizinga, ‘Market Discipline and Financial Safety Net Design’ (1999), World Bank Policy Research Paper WPS2183, 2-3; citing Asl Demirguc-Kunt, and E. Detragiache, ‘The determinants of banking crises in developed and developing countries’ (1998), IMF Staff Papers 45, 81-109 and Edward J. Kane, The SL insurance Mess: How Did it Happen? (1987). [4] See also Douglas W. Arner, Financial Stability, Economic Growth and the Role of Law (2007), 139-140. [5] World Bank and International Monetary Fund, Financial Sector Assessment: A Handbook (2005), 105. [6] Ibid, 105-6. See also IMF – Monetary and Financial System Department, Operational Paper OP/00/01, Emergency Liquidity Support Facilities. [7] Ibid, 106. [8] Ibid, 107. [9] Federal Reserve Bank Chairman Alan Greenspan, ‘Speech – The Financial Safety Net’, 10 May 2001, http://www.federalreserve.gov/Boarddocs/Speeches/2001/20010510/default.htm> at 14 December 2008. [10] Ibid. [11] Oscar Gerda, Elijah Brewer III, and Douglas D. Evanoff, ‘The Financial Safety Net: costs, benefits and implications’ (2001) The Chicago Fed Letter http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3631/is_200111/ai_n8986952> at 14 December 2008. [12] Australian Broadcasting Corporation, ‘Government considers upping bank deposit safety net’ (2008) http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/10/12/2388583.htm> at 14 December 2008. [13] Australian Broadcasting Corporation, ‘No need for Government guarantee on bank deposits: Rudd’ (2008) http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/10/10/2387244.htm> at 14 December 2008. [14] See, generally, Srdjan T. Marinkovic, ‘Designing an Incentive-Compatible Safety Net in a Financial System in Transition: The Case of Serbia’ (2004), Centre for the Study of Global Governance, Discussion Paper 35, http://se1.isn.ch/serviceengine/FileContent?serviceID=ISNfileid=07ECE3C0-79BF-BEF2-62FF-A5CF5F97D730lng=en> at 14 December 2008, 17.